Learn to talk about the past in Korean
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| Do you know how to talk about the past in Korean? |
| You'll learn how in just a moment. |
| Hi, my name is Joyce, and this is Three Step Korean by KoreanClass101.com. |
| In this lesson, you'll learn how to talk about the past through a quick conversation. |
| Let's look at the dialogue. |
| As you listen, pay attention to how they ask about the topic and how the other person responds. |
| 어서 오십시오. 글로리 호텔입니다. |
| Eoseo osipsio. Geullori Hoterimnida. |
| 안녕하세요. 체크인하고 싶습니다. |
| Annyeonghaseyo. Chekeuinhago sipseumnida. |
| 지난주에 유연아로 예약했어요. |
| Jinanjue Yuyeonaro yeyakhaesseoyo. |
| 알겠습니다. 2일로 예약 확인했습니다. |
| Algetseumnida. I illo veyak hwaginhaetseumnida. |
| Let's break it down. |
| 어서 오십시오. 글로리 호텔입니다. |
| Eoseo osipsio. Geullori Hoterimnida. |
| Welcome to Glory Hotel. |
| 안녕하세요. 체크인하고 싶습니다. |
| Annyeonghaseyo. Chekeuinhago sipseumnida. |
| Hello, I’d like to check in. |
| 지난주에 유연아로 예약했어요. |
| Jinanjue Yuyeonaro yeyakhaesseoyo. |
| I made a reservation last week under the name Yu Yeona. |
| This is the focus statement. |
| First is the adverbial phrase, 지난주에 (jinanju-e), meaning "last week." 지난주에 (slow version - breakdown by syllable). 지난주에. |
| Next is the phrase, 유연아로 (Yuyeon-aro), meaning "under the name Yu Yeona." 유연아로 (slow version - breakdown by syllable). 유연아로. |
| Last is the verb, 예약했어요 (yeyakhaess-eoyo), meaning "made a reservation." 예약했어요 (slow version - breakdown by syllable). 예약했어요. |
| All together, it's 지난주에 유연아로 예약했어요 (Jinanjue Yuyeonaro yeyakhaesseoyo). "I made a reservation under the name Yu Yeona last week." 지난주에 유연아로 예약했어요. |
| Finally, |
| 알겠습니다. 2일로 예약 확인했습니다. |
| Algetseumnida. I illo veyak hwaginhaetseumnida. |
| Understood. I've confirmed your reservation on the 2nd. |
| Let's look at the sentence patterns. |
| These patterns are the structures that all of our examples will follow. |
| STEM 았어요 (STEM asseoyo) |
| STEM 었어요 (STEM eosseoyo) |
| STEM 하였어요 (STEM hayeosseoyo) |
| These endings are used to express past tense in Korean. |
| STEM 았어요 (asseoyo) is used when the last vowel of the verb stem includes ㅏ (a) or ㅗ (o). |
| STEM 었어요 (eosseoyo) is used when the last vowel of the verb stem does not include ㅏ (a) or ㅗ (o). |
| STEM 하였어요 (hayeosseoyo) is used with verbs ending in 하다 (hada). |
| Let’s see how a line from the dialogue follows this pattern. |
| 지난주에 유연아로 예약했어요. (Jinanjue Yuyeonaro yeyakhaesseoyo.) |
| I made a reservation last week under the name Yu Yeona. |
| In this sentence, the base verb is 예약하다 (yeyakhada), which means "to reserve" or "to make a reservation." |
| Since it ends with 하다 (hada), it follows the pattern STEM 하였어요 (STEM hayeosseoyo). |
| In spoken Korean, 하였어요 (hayeosseoyo) commonly contracts to 했어요 (haesseoyo). 예약하다 (yeyakhada) + 였어요 (yeosseoyo) becomes 예약했어요 (yeyakhaesseoyo). |
| So, 예약했어요 (yeyakhaesseoyo) fits the pattern STEM 하였어요 (STEM hayeosseoyo), indicating that the action of making a reservation happened in the past. |
| Now let's look at some speaking examples. |
| Yeona Yu has met up with her friend, and is talking about her morning. She tells them: |
| 저는 맛있는 아침을 먹었어요. (Jeoneun masinneun achimeul meogeosseoyo.) |
| I had a delicious breakfast. |
| Can you see how the pattern applies here? |
| Let's break it down: |
| Here, 저는 (jeoneun) is the subject, meaning "I," marked by the topic particle 는 (neun). 맛있는 아침을 (masinneun achimeul) is the object, meaning "delicious breakfast." |
| The verb is 먹었어요 (meogeosseoyo), which fits the pattern [STEM]었어요 ([STEM]eosseoyo). The verb stem is 먹 (meok) from 먹다 (meokda), meaning "to eat", and 었어요 (eosseoyo) is the past tense ending that indicates the action happened in the past. So, 먹 (meok) + 었어요 (eosseoyo) forms 먹었어요 (meogeosseoyo), meaning "ate." |
| Here's another example |
| 저는 선물을 샀어요. (Jeoneun seonmureul sasseoyo.) |
| I bought a gift. |
| [SLOWLY] 저는 선물을 샀어요. (Jeoneun seonmureul sasseoyo.) |
| I bought a gift. |
| Let's try one more, |
| 제 남동생은 야구를 했어요. (Je namdongsaengeun yagureul haesseoyo.) |
| My younger brother played baseball. |
| [SLOWLY] 제 남동생은 야구를 했어요. (Je namdongsaengeun yagureul haesseoyo.) |
| My younger brother played baseball. |
| One last example. |
| 우리는 귀여운 강아지를 봤어요. (Urineun gwiyeoun gangajireul bwasseoyo.) |
| We saw a cute puppy. |
| [SLOWLY] 우리는 귀여운 강아지를 봤어요. (Urineun gwiyeoun gangajireul bwasseoyo.) |
| We saw a cute puppy. |
| Let's review. |
| Do you remember what is added when the stem includes ㅏ (a) or ㅗ (o)? |
| 았어요 (asseoyo) |
| 았어요 (asseoyo) |
| And what is added when the stem does not includeㅏ (a) or ㅗ (o)? |
| 었어요 (eosseoyo) |
| 었어요 (eosseoyo) |
| Do you remember what is added when the stem ends in 하다 (hada)? |
| 하였어요 (hayeosseoyo) |
| 하였어요 (hayeosseoyo) |
| How about how to say "last week"? |
| 지난주에 (jinanjue) |
| 지난주에 (jinanjue) |
| And what the time-marking particle is? |
| 에 (e) |
| 에 (e) |
| Do you remember how to say "as"? |
| 로 (aro) |
| 로 (aro) |
| And how to say "under the name Yu Yeona"? |
| 유연아로 (Yuyeonaro) |
| 유연아로 (Yuyeonaro) |
| Do you remember how to say "made a reservation"? |
| 예약했어요 (yeyakhaesseoyo) |
| 예약했어요 (yeyakhaesseoyo) |
| And how to say "I made a reservation last week under the name Yu Yeona"? |
| 지난주에 유연아로 예약했어요. (Jinanjue Yuyeonaro yeyakhaesseoyo.) |
| 지난주에 유연아로 예약했어요. (Jinanjue Yuyeonaro yeyakhaesseoyo.) |
| In this lesson, you've learned how to talk about the past in Korean. Thanks for watching and see you in the next lesson! |
| 다음 시간에 봐요! (Daeum sigane bwayo!) |
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