| Let's look at the sentence pattern. |
| This pattern is the structure that all of our examples will follow. |
| VERB STEM + 아/어/여야 + {하다}/{되다} |
| VERB STEM + a/eo/yeoya + {hada}/{doeda} |
| one must/have to do something |
| This pattern is used to express obligation — what someone must do or has to do. |
| Let’s break it down. |
| You start with a verb stem, then add -아야, -어야, or -여야 depending on the vowel in the stem. |
| If the stem has the vowel ㅏ or ㅗ, you use -아야. |
| If it has any other vowel, you use -어야. |
| If the verb stem ends in 하, then it becomes -여야 (which is pronounced like -해야). |
| After that, you add either 하다 (to do) or 되다 (to become/allowed to be done), depending on whether you're focusing on the person doing the action (하다) or the situation being allowed or required (되다). |
| Together, this structure means someone “must” or “has to” do something. |
| Let’s see how a line from the dialogue follows this pattern. |
| 15분 정도 기다리셔야 해요. |
| In this sentence: |
| 기다리시다 (gidarisida) is the honorific form of the verb 기다리다, which means “to wait.” |
| The verb stem here is 기다리시, and it ends in ㅣ, so we use -어야. |
| That gives us 기다리셔야. |
| Then we add 해요, the present tense polite form of 하다, to complete the pattern: 기다리셔야 해요. |
| So, 기다리셔야 해요 means “You must wait” or “You have to wait.” |
| The rest of the sentence, 15분 정도, means “about 15 minutes.” |
| So the full sentence 15분 정도 기다리셔야 해요 means “You’ll have to wait about 15 minutes.” |
| Now let's look at some speaking examples. |
| 내일까지 프레젠테이션 준비를 마쳐야 돼요. (Naeilkkaji peurijenteesyeon junbireul machyeoya dwaeyo.) |
| I have to finish preparing the presentation by tomorrow. |
| Can you see how the pattern applies here? |
| Let’s break it down: |
| Here, 마치다 is the base verb meaning “to finish.” The verb stem is 마치. |
| Since ㅣ is the final vowel in the stem, we attach -어야, forming 마쳐야. |
| Then, we add the verb 되다 in the polite present tense: 돼요. |
| So we get 마쳐야 돼요, which is how we say “must finish” or “have to finish.” |
| Now, let’s look at the rest of the sentence: |
| 내일까지 means “by tomorrow.” |
| 프레젠테이션 준비를 means “the presentation preparation.” |
| This is the object of the verb — it’s what must be finished. |
| So altogether: |
| 내일까지 프레젠테이션 준비를 마쳐야 돼요 |
| = “I have to finish preparing the presentation by tomorrow.” |
| Here's another example |
| 약속은 꼭 지켜야 해요. (Yaksogeun kkok jikyeoya haeyo.) |
| You must keep your promise. |
| 약속은 꼭 지켜야 해요. (Yaksogeun kkok jikyeoya haeyo.) |
| You must keep your promise. |
| Let's try one more, |
| 이번 시험에 꼭 합격해야 돼. (Ibeon siheome kkok hapgyeokhaeya dwae.) |
| I must pass this exam. |
| 이번 시험에 꼭 합격해야 돼. (Ibeon siheome kkok hapgyeokhaeya dwae.) |
| I must pass this exam. |
| One last example. |
| 한국어를 열심히 공부해야 해. (Hangugoreul yeolsimhi gongbuhaeya hae.) |
| I have to study Korean hard. |
| 한국어를 열심히 공부해야 해. (Hangugoreul yeolsimhi gongbuhaeya hae.) |
| I have to study Korean hard. |
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