Learn the ㅎ Irregulars
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| You're probably wondering what is the ㅎ(hieut) irregulars, right? So I prepare the examples here, examples. I put the 11, 11 words and that's it. Actually, there, will there be more? I think these are the only common ones so if you just know this 11 words, that's all, that's all! So let's look at the word first. |
| First word we have is 그렇다(geureota), 그렇다(geureota). Why is it ㅎ(hieut) irregular? Because, do you see the stem, 그렇다(geureota), 그렇다(geureota) is a word meaning "to be like that”, it’s an adjective, and “to be like that”, and just remove 다(da). Korean verb and adjective always end with 다(da), so just remove 다(da), then you have 그렇(geureot), 그렇(geureot), it ended with ㅎ(hieut), ㅎ(hieut), right? This ㅎ(hieut), ㅎ(hieut). That's why it's called ㅎ(hieut) irregular. 그렇다(geureota), 그렇다(geureota). |
| And next, we have 까맣다(kkamata), 까맣다(kkamata), "to be black," is an adjective, 까맣다(kkamata), 까맣다(kkamata). |
| Next, we have 노랗다(norata), 노랗다(norata), 노랗다(norata). It means "to be yellow." Again, is an adjective. |
| And 동그랗다(donggeurata), 동그랗다(donggeurata), It means "to be round," so something is circle. Oh, this apple is very circle, the apple is very round, 동그랗다(donggeurata), you use this word 동그랗다(donggeurata). |
| Next, we have 뿌옇다(ppuyeota), 뿌옇다(ppuyeota), it means like "blurry" or "foggy", 뿌옇다(ppuyeota). |
| Next, we have this 빨갛다(ppalgata). |
| Next, we have 어떻다(eotteota), 어떻다(eotteota). It means "to be how," "how”, so, in English you say like, “How is it like this?”, we say like "어떻게(eotteoke)", means "how", and the "어떻게(eotteoke)" expression is from this word. 어떻다(eotteota), 어떻다(eotteota). |
| And 이렇다(ireota), 이렇다(ireota) means "to be like that", "to be like that" |
| And 저렇다(jeoreota), ooh, a lot, 저렇다(jeoreota), “to be like that” too. By the way, 그렇다(geureota) and 저렇다(jeoreota) means very similar. And usually, 그렇다(geureota) is something that is mentioned in previous conversation, or previous sentence. “Oh, Chimchim is kind." "응(eung), 그렇지(geureochi), 그렇지(geureochi)." So I agree with it. "Oh yeah, he's like that, to be like that.” 그렇다(geureota). And "저렇다(jeoreota)" is usually, you see something at, "Oh, he's to be like that, He's like that." So, "Chimchim always make lots of noises in the class." So, "아(a), 저렇다(jeoreota), 저렇다(jeoreota)." "저렇지(jeoreochi)." "Always 저렇지(jeoreochi)." That means like, "He's like that." So, 그렇다(geureota) is mentioned in previous conversation and 저렇다(jeoreota) is what you actually see, 저렇다(jeoreota). |
| And 파랗다(parata), 파랗다(parata). Sky is blue, 파랗다(parata), “to be blue” is an adjective. |
| And 하얗다(hayata) to be white. |
| And what about to be pink, pink? Well, pink doesn't have the adjective, we just use it as a noun. So 분홍색이다(bunhongsaegida), 분홍색이다(bunhongsaegida). |
| So these are the examples of ㅎ(hieut) irregular, ㅎ(hieut) irregular. So then you'll be wondering, "Teacher, I know another ㅎ(hieut) irregulars.” For example, like this, 좋다(jota), 좋다(jota). It means to be good or to like. 좋다(jota), 좋다(jota). Or I know another one too. 괜찮다(gwenchanta), 괜찮다(gwenchanta), meaning to be okay, to be okay. |
| So, 좋다(jota) and 괜찮다(gwenchanta). There are a lot, a lot, like,I know this word too, 싫다(silta). |
| Teacher, if I remove 다(da) from the end, these are all end with ㅎ(hieut), ㅎ(hieut). So, these are ㅎ(hieut) irregulars, right? But no. So, these end with ㅎ(hieut) too, when you remove 다(da), it ended with ㅎ, right? But these are not irregular. These are regular, regular. So it doesn't follow the, this irregular rule, irregular rule. |
| So please save this list, save this list. These are the examples of ㅎ(hieut) irregulars. |
| Why do we need irregulars? Well, let's think in English first. I want to make a past tense. |
| This is a common example that I always use. So for example, "I eat". How can I say "I ate”? Oops, “I eat” in the past tense? Is it “eated”? Because when I exercise, I say "exercised", "exercised". Or when I walk on the street, I just say "I walked". When I work, then I say “worked”. So I just put “-ed” or “-d” when I'm a past tense. So can I say “I eated”? No, these are examples, right? |
| So when you use the verb in some situations, you have to change the form differently because eat, eat, to eat, yum, yum, yum. It's an exception in English. It’s same in Korean. So when we use certain verb or adjective the form doesn't follow the grammar rule. Like in English you say, you put “-ed” for past tense but it doesn't always apply, right? Eat, ate. Same. 그렇다(geureota) and 까맣다(kkamata) this ㅎ(hieut) irregulars, ㅎ(hieut) irregulars, doesn't follow the regular rules, regular rules, when you conjugate with other form. That's why you need to know it. When I say “I eated an apple”, then you will say “Oh teacher, you’re wrong”, right? So please remember this word. |
| So let's see, what's the rule? How, how the rule changes? So first you need to know this.Step one, step one. See, let's say make sure, make sure the verb or adjective is ㅎ(hieut) irregular, ㅎ(hieut) irregular. And how can you know if it's ㅎ(hieut) irregular or not? Well, if you see this verb or adjective is one of this, 그렇다(geureota), 까맣다(kkamata), one of this, one of this, then it’s ㅎ(hieut) irregular. If it's not one of this, for example, it's like 좋다(jota), 괜찮다(gwenchanta), 싫다(silta) or any other expression that ends with ㅎ(hieut), except for this ㅎ(hieut) irregular, there's are ㅎ(hieut) regular, ㅎ(hieut) regular. |
| Number two. Step two, step two. So, see if the ending start with 아(a) or 어(eo) first. Step two, ending start with, see if the following ending starts with 아(a) or 어(eo), 아(a) or 어(eo). So what happens if the following ending starts with 아(a) or 어(eo)? Then there's a rule, there's a rule. So, for example, let me try with, which verb do you like? How about 파랗다(parata)? Let's conjugate 파랗다(parata), 파랗다(parata) with 아(a), 어요(eoyo), 아(a), 어요(eoyo). 파랗다(parata) means to be blue and 아(a), 어요(eoyo) is a present tense in Korean, polite present tense in Korean. And how can you conjugate this? How can you conjugate this? |
| First, first get the verb stem. 파랗다(parata), what's the verb stem here? Remove 다(da) at the end. Then 파랗(parat), there is only 파랗(parat), this is verb stem. And now you have to conjugate with 아(a) or 어(eo), but before that, 파랗(parat), You got verb stem first. Get a verb stem. Get the verb stem. Get the stem, 파랗(parat). |
| Number two. Remove ㅎ(hieut) from the stem, remove ㅎ(hieut) from the stem, ㅎ(hieut). So it becomes 파라(para), 파라(para). |
| Rule number three. Put 이(i), add 이(i) to the shape, like this 파래(parae), 파래(parae). So put this letter here, here, here, 파라(para), 파라(para) becomes 파래(parae). And now add the conjugation without 아(a) or 어(eo). So it's 파래요(paraeyo), 파래요(paraeyo). So this is how we do that, how we do that. 파래요(paraeyo). So when I want to conjugate 파랗다(parata) with present tense, it's 파래요(paraeyo). 파래요(paraeyo), 파래요(paraeyo), 파래요(paraeyo). |
| And let's… Ah, Kowati, it’s 파래요(paraeyo), 파래요(paraeyo). Because it starts with 아(a) or 어(eo), 아(a) or 어(eo). So if you want to conjugate...Okay, so teacher, what if I want to conjugate? I want to conjugate with an ending starts with a consonant. Then you don't follow this rule, you don't follow this rule. So for example, let's say I have 파랗다(parata) plus I want to conjugate with 네요(neyo), 네요(neyo), 네요(neyo). The answer is 파랗네요(paranneyo). 네요(neyo) by the way, it means like “do you agree?”, “It's right, right?” It has a 파랗네요(paranneyo), it means like oh, it's very blue. It's blue, it's just how you express your feeling, it's just your expression. So 네요(neyo) doesn't have meaning. It just have nuance that, Oh a little surprise. Oh, it's, Oh, it's blue. So 네요 doesn't have meaning, but it has some nuance of showing your surprise, 파랗네요(paranneyo), it's blue, 파랗네요(paranneyo). |
| I don't follow this 파래(parae) because this conjugation start with a consonant. So forget about it if the conjugation start with consonant. The point I'm saying is the ending, the conjugation start with 아(a) or 어(eo), 아(a) or 어(eo), |
| Let's try another one. Instead of 파랗다(parata), now I want to use this one, 동그랗다(donggeurata), 동그랗다(donggeurata), to be round. Now I want to say, this apple is round, round, 동그랗다(donggeurata). So first, let's get the stem. let's get the stem. What's the stem? It's 동그랗(donggeurat), 동그랗(donggeurat) is the stem. Remove 다(da) at the end, then you got the stem, 동그랗(donggeurat). And remove ㅎ(hieut) at the end. It becomes 동그라(donggeura), 동그라(donggeura) and add ㅣ(i), 동그래(donggeurae), 동그래(donggeurae). 동그라(donggeura) become 동그래(donggeurae). And add the conjugation without 아(a) or 어(eo), so 동그래요(donggeuraeyo). |
| Then you might be wondering, teacher, I want to say, I want to say casually, without 요(yo), then you can just say 동그래(donggeurae), that's it, 동그래(donggeurae) means oh, it's round, it's round. In casual form 동그래(donggeurae), 동그래(donggeurae), 동그래요(donggeuraeyo). |
| And now there are step three. If, ta-da! See? There are some conjugations that start with a vowel but not 아(a) or 어(eo). See if conjugations start with a, oops, a vowel but not 아(a) or 어(eo). Then what happens? Let's try with 파랗다(parata), again, 파랗다(parata). Now I want to conjugate it with 으면(eumyeon). So this is 으면(eumyeon) conjugation, it means if, if, if, If. So how can you conjugate it? How can you conjugate it? So I want to say if it's blue, if sky is blue, it's blue, how can I say that? |
| Number one. Get the stem. What is stem is 파랗(parat). Number two, number two. Remove ㅎ(hieut) like 파랗(parat), 파랗(parat). Number three. Now, conjugate it. That's it, conjugate it. |
| So, oops, remove ㅎ(hieut), 파라(para). And conjugate it. 파라면(paramyeon). So do you know this 으면(eumyeon) conjugation? It means if. I already did the lesson, so check out my previous lesson if you want to learn more about this grammar. And ta-da! 으면(eumyeon) means if, if. And if the stem ends with, ends with consonant then we use 으면(eumyeon), but if the stem ends with a vowel then you say 면(myeon). But since you removed here it ended with vowel sound, so it just conjugate it with 면(myeon), 파라면(paramyeon), 파라면(paramyeon). |
| Let's try another one. How about this one? 노랗다(norata), 노랗다(norata). Let's try this one too, 노랗다(norata). |
| So what is the stem here? Without 다(da), 노라(nora). And remove ㅎ(hieut), so 노라(nora), 노라(nora), and you conjugate it with this, 노라면(noramyeon). |
| So let me summarize this, summarize this, because it seems complicated but this is very important. Very very important. |
| First, when you conjugate it, you have to see the verb is ㅎ(hieut) irregular. Sometimes the stem ends with ㅎ(hieut), then it's ㅎ(hieut) irregular. But sometimes it's not ㅎ(hieut) irregular. So you have to know it's irregular or not. How can you know it's ㅎ(hieut) irregular? I already made a list. If the verb is one of this, verb or adjective is one of this, then it's ㅎ(hieut) irregular. If the stem end with ㅎ(hieut), but it's not in this list and it's not ㅎ(hieut) irregular. |
| Okay teacher, now I got it. So for example, I want to conjugate it with 빨갛다(ppalgata), meaning "to be red." And it's ㅎ(hieut) Irregular. What should I do? What should I do? Ah, then you have to see the following conjugation. For example, is the following conjugation, following ending start with 아(a) or 어(eo)? Is it start with 아(a) or 어(eo)? Let's see. Yes, it start with 아(a) or 어(eo), 아(a) or 어(eo). Then what happen? |
| First, get the stem. Get the stem. For example, 동그랗다(donggeurata). What's the stem here? It's 동그라(donggeura), remove 다, then it's the stem. 동그랗(donggeurat), 동그랗(donggeurat). And you remove ㅎ(hieut), ㅎ(hieut). 동그라(donggeura), 동그라(donggeura), remove ㅎ(hieut), and just add this, this…how can I say this? Stick! This line! To this last, last vowel, 동그래(donggeurae), 동그래(donggeurae). And add the conjugation without 아(a) or 어(eo), 아(a) or 어(eo). So for example now I want to conjugate it with 아(a), 어서(eoseo), it means because, because, how can I conjugate it? 동그랗(donggeurat), get the stem, remove ㅎ(hieut), so it's 동그라(donggeura). And now, add one line, so it become 동그래(donggeurae), and add a conjugation without 아(a) or 어(eo), without 아(a) or 어(eo)? Ah, so I just need to put 서(seo), 동그래서(donggeuraeseo), 동그래서(donggeuraeseo), it means because it's round, because it's round. Okay, if the ending or conjugation starts with 아(a) or 어(eo), then you follow this rule. |
| But teacher, my, my conjugation, the conjugation that I want to use, doesn't start with 아(a) or 어(eo), but it starts with a consonant, consonant. Ah, is it? Then please, please, please forget about it. |
| You don't have to follow these irregulars. These irregular rules, ㅎ(hieut) irregular rules only applied when the conjugation starts with a vowel. 아(a) or 오(o), 아(a) or 어(eo), or another vowel. So, forget about it, forget about it. |
| But teacher, actually, the conjugation that I want to use starts with a vowel but not 아(a) or 어(eo). Then you still follow this rule, this rule. So what do you do? First you get 노랗(norat), 노랗(norat), get the stem. 노랗(norat) means yellow and remove 다(da), 노랗(norat), remove ㅎ(hieut), then it becomes 노라(nora), 노라(nora). And now you conjugate it just like normal. |
| So it's a little bit different right? Until here is the same. But if the conjugation starts with 아(a) or 어(eo), you need to put this line, line. But if the conjugation starts with a vowel, but not 아(a) or 어(eo), then you just conjugate it without ㅎ(hieut), that's it. |
| So please practice it. Please practice. |
| Let's try this. Let's conjugate 하얗다(hayata) with 아서(aseo), 어서(eoseo), which means "because" and 하얗다(hayata) means, by the way, white, white, white. This color is white, right? This, this. Okay, so get the stem, what is the stem? Ah stem is easy, just remove 다(da) is stem, stem. So let's remove ㅎ(hieut), let's remove ㅎ(hieut), what happens? 하야(haya), 하야(haya), 하야(haya), And let's add one line, 하얘(hayae), do you see this? |
| It's 하야(haya) and I added one line, 하얘(hayae). And I just put 하얘서(hayaeseo) without 아(a) or 어(eo), from the conjugation 하얘서(hayaeseo), it means because it's white, because it's white. I like this cat because it's white. 하얘서 좋아(hayaeseo joa). I like this cat because it's white. It's just an example sentence. So 하얘서(hayaeseo), 하얘서(hayaeseo). |
| Then let's try this 하얗다(hayata), to white with this. This time I want to conjugate it with 습니다. This is a present tense and it's a formal present tense ending. So it just means nothing. It's just a present tense. So, 하얗다(hayata) and 습니다(seumnida). How can I conjugate it? It's just 하얗습니다(hayatseumnida). I don't follow this rule because this conjugation starts with a consonant, not vowel, or 아(a) or 어(eo). So 하얗습니다(hayatseumnida). |
| But teacher, what if I want to conjugate it with 으면(eumyeon)? It starts with a vowel but not 아(a) or 어(eo), not 아(a) or 어(eo). Then what happens? Ah! In this case, first get the stem. What is the stem here? Remove 다(da), 하얗(hayat). And remove ㅎ(hieut), ㅎ(hieut). So 하야(haya). And just conjugate it. 하야면(hayamyeon), 하야면(hayamyeon). If, 하야면(hayamyeon) means if is white, if is white. |
| So these are the rules. And whenever I talk about the irregular, I always emphasize this. How do Korean people remember all of this rules? Do Korean people genius? We, we are intelligent, smart, clever, so we remember all this rule? Actually no, no. We just conjugate it so much, we just heard so much, so just we say naturally, we just say naturally. But for you, you cannot memorize so many rules like this. Oh 그렇다(geureota) and 그러면(geureomyeon), 그래서(geuraeseo), there are just too much for you. |
| So first, remember this rules. Remember this rules, like this. I already wrote this rule. How to do this? Like this. How to do this? Like this. So remember this rule and practice a lot. Practice a lot with other conjugations. And when you get used to it, you naturally say it. I know this sounds very vague, but actually that's the only way. I asked. Fluent Korean speakers. So my student who speak fluently, I asked. So how did you do that? They said they just practiced a lot. |
| They come across this expressions in the book and they hear and then they try to read many, many times. So when they see 하얗다(hayata) and 아서(aseo), 어서(eoseo), 하얗다(hayata), 아서(aseo)? Ah, 하얘서(hayaeseo). So they naturally say it, they naturally say it. |
| So first, memorize the rules and practice a lot, until you naturally say it. When you become 하얗다(hayata), 아서(aseo), 어서(eoseo), 하얗(hayat), 하야(haya), 하얗어서(hayateoseo)? Ah, 하얘서(hayaeseo). Like this. So yeah, I asked really many students, like many students, many Korean speakers who whose mother tongue is not native, not Korean and they said, yeah, the only way is, they just like, just read and they practice a lot, so like this 하얗다(hayata), 으면(eumyeon), 하얗(hayat), 으면(eumyeon), Ah, 하야면(hayamyeon). So for me, for them, for them, they just say, 하얗(hayat), 으면(eumyeon), 하야면(hayamyeon). So they just say, "Oh, this sounds more natural." So you really have to read it a lot, practice a lot. That's the only way! |
| Bye-bye! |
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