Learn the ㅅ Irregulars
Unlock Lesson Notes and Transcripts for every single lesson. Sign Up for a Free Lifetime Account and Get 7 Days of Premium Access.
| Hello, hello, hello everyone! Today our topic is ㅅ(shiot), ㅅ(shiot) Irregulars in Korean, irregulars. |
| Teacher, why do we need irregulars? Hmm, let's first think in English. I want to say "I think" in a past form. How should I say? You see, I think because I learned from school that I just need to put "ed" to make a past tense in English. So I say "thinked"? No. It's not "thinked", right? It's "thought", “I thought”, “I thought about an apple.“ So it's not "thinked", because it's an exception. |
| How about this? “I see”. “I see snow now”. “I see snow”, “I see, see” is it “seed” to make the past tense? No! In English, it's an exception, so it's “saw”, "I saw the snow." |
| Even in English, there are exceptions and in Korean too. We have the exceptions. In Korean, all the verbs and adjectives and with 다(da). For example, 공부하다(gongbuhada) meaning to study. Or, cute! 귀엽다(gwiyeopda), it's an adjective, right? Cute, 귀엽다(gwiyeopda). As you can see here all the Korean verbs and adjectives in the dictionary form, when you check the dictionary, the root form and with 다(da), 다(da), 다(da). And, oh I see, so, do Korean people speak with 다(da) form? |
| Unfortunately, no. We always have to conjugate with this verb or adjective with a conjugation with a spoken form or with some other conjugation meaning “if” or “please”, so we have to conjugate it and usually we have the grammar rule, so you just need to follow it. But there are exceptions, just like in English "see," "see" becomes "saw" in the past tense, right? |
| Just like that, when we conjugate this verb with other form, like spoken form when we want to make a spoken form or past form past tense. There are some irregular there are more regular forms, so don't worry, but there are some, some irregular. And one of the irregular form is this ㅅ irregulars. |
| So, what are ㅅ(shiot) irregulars? what are ㅅ(shiot) irregulars? There are some verbs and adjectives that ends with ㅅ(shiot) in the verb stem. Teacher, I don't understand. I want to show the example here. |
| So, 짓다(jitda), for example, I have an example, and do you know what 짓다(jitda) means? 짓다(jitda), it means to build, to build, to build or to make. So for example, I build a building. I'm so rich, so I build a building. In that case, the build, I use this verb in Korean, 짓다(jitda). |
| And I make a name for my baby! Yes, this is my baby now! Chimchim is my friend, but just imagine that Chimchim is my baby. So I make a name for Chimchim. Then we use this verb, 이름을 짓다(ireumeul jitda). Make a name for someone, 이름을 짓다(ireumeul jitda). |
| So yes, we use this verb and this is an example of ㅅ(shiot) irregular. Why? Why? Because, let's look at the verb stem first. 짓다(jitda), 짓다(jitda) is a verb. What's the verb stem here? 짓다(jitda), it ended with 다(da), right? Remove 다(da), 다(da). |
| Korean verbs and adjectives always end with 다(da) at the end. So remove it, remove. And the left part is 짓(jit), and that's the verb stem, or adjective stem, that's the stem of the verb. |
| So, let's see. It's, do you see this letter? 짓(jit), 짓(jit), 짓(jit) is consist with ㅈ(jieut) andㅣ(i) and ㅅ(shiot). So it becomes...Oops, it becomes 짓(jit), 짓(jit). So, ㅈ(jieut),ㅣ(i), ㅅ(shiot). And this verb stem ending with ㅅ(shiot), right? Here. And this is one of the candidates, candidate of ㅅ(shiot) regulars. Yes. So when the verb stem end with ㅅ(shiot), then it's highly possible that it's ㅅ(shiot) irregulars. |
| But please know that not all verbs that end with ㅅ(shiot), not all the verbs stem end with ㅅ(shiot) are irregular. So some are irregulars, some are regulars. So unfortunately the only thing that you have to do is memorize. That's right. You have to memorize. So 짓다(jitda) is one of the examples. |
| So Let's see, what are the examples? Before that, let me add these too. And there is 짓다(jitda), right? So 짓다(jitda). Now I want to conjugate it with “If”, do you know how to say “if” in Korean? |
| If, well, if is 만약(manyak), 만약(manyak), 만약(manyak), but there is a conjugation which is 으면(eumyeon), 으면(eumyeon), it means if, if. |
| So if I want to say “if I built”, “if I built”, “if I built”, that would be, so, 으면(eumyeon) means “if”, and if the verb stem ends with a consonant, then you use 으면(eumyeon), 으면(eumyeon). And if the verb stem ends with vowel, then you use only 면. You have to see this verb stem. Does it end with a consonant? |
| Ah yes, then I use 으면(eumyeon). Did it end with a vowel? If so, you use only 면(myeon). |
| Let's see. 짓다(jitda), 짓다(jitda). Oh, it ended with a consonant. So I'm using 짓으면(jiseumyeon), 짓으면(jiseumyeon). Theoretically, this should be correct. 짓으면(jiseumyeon). But unfortunately, as I mentioned, 짓다(jitda), 짓다(jitda) is one of the examples of irregular. It's irregular. |
| So what happens here? It's not 짓으면(jiseumyeon), but I say 지으면(jieumyeon). This is an exception. So 짓다(jitda), usually I have to conjugate it as 짓으면(jiseumyeon), but when the following conjugation starts with the vowel sound, you remove the ㅅ(shiot), ㅅ(shiot), ㅅ(shiot) like this. You remove it and it becomes 지. That's right! That's why it's an exception, it's really confusing. |
| 낫다(natda) It means, 낫다(nat means "to recover" or "to feel better" or just be “better". So for example, I caught a cold. Oh, I have a headache. But the next day, I recovered. 감기가 나았어(gamgiga naasseo). So I feel better, I feel better, I recovered. In that case, I use this verb 낫다(natda), it means to recover, to feel better, better. And this is another example of ㅅ(shiot) irregular. |
| Yes, ㅅ(shiot) irregular ㅅ(shiot) irregular. The verb stem, what is the verb stem here? 낫(nat), right? It ended with ㅅ(shiot), and this is one of the example of ㅅ(shiot) irregular. So what happens here? When I conjugate 낫다(natda) with other conjugation that start with a vowel, that start with a vowel, for example, 으면(eumyeon), 으면(eumyeon) means “if”. Or “please do”, do you know how to say “please do”, ”please do”? "Please" in Korean is (으)세요((eu)seyo), 세요(seyo), "Please do", "Please do" is 으세요(euseyo). |
| Let's see this conjugation. This conjugation start with 으(eu), 으(eu), vowel sound, right? This is, first, this is a ㅅ(shiot) irregular, ㅅ(shiot) irregular. And second, the, the, the conjugation starts with a vowel, then you remove ㅅ(shiot) from the conjugation. ㅅ(shiot) from the conjugation. |
| For example, it supposed to be 낫으면(naseumyeon), theoretically if you just follow the grammar rule. Because 으면(eumyeon), 으면(eumyeon) is used with the verb stem that ends with a consonant. It ends with consonant, so I should use 으면(eumyeon), but just remove ㅅ(shiot), it becomes 나으면(naeumyeon). |
| This too, this ends with consonant, so I'm supposed to use 으세요(euseyo), 낫으세요(naseuseyo). Please feel better, please recover. But it's an exception. So instead of 낫(nat), I say 나(na), 나(na). So this is the basic explanation about it. |
| What are the ㅅ(shiot) irregular? ㅅ(shiot) irregular. These are the ㅅ(shiot) irregulars, these are the ㅅ(shiot) irregulars. There are 긋다(geutda), to draw, draw a line, 긋다(geutda), 긋다(geutda), draw a line. 긋다(geutda), 선을 긋다(seoneul geutda), 선(seon) means line, 선을 긋다(seoneul geutda) means to draw a line. And 낫다(natda), we just talk about it. Feel better, or better, to recover. And 붓다(butda), 붓다(butda) means to swell or to pour, you pour milk, or my face, face is swollen. So sometimes when you don't feel very well or when you eat something very spicy at late night and then when you wake up in the morning your face is a bit swollen, right? 붓다(butda), 붓다(butda). Or 젓다(jeotda), 젓다(jeotda), stir, 젓다(jeotda), 젓다(jeotda). Or 짓다(jitda), 짓다(jitda), we talk about it “to build”, “to make”. And 잇다(itda), 잇다(itda), to connect, you connect two dots, 잇다(itda), connect or continue, continue, 잇다(itda). |
| So these are ㅅ(shiot) irregulars and there are other verbs, other verbs that has the verb stem ending with ㅅ(shiot), for example 웃다(utda), do you know 웃다(utda)? 웃다(utda) means 'ha ha ha ha ha,' "to laugh." or 씻다, meaning "to wash." |
| So there are a lot of verbs that has stem that ending with ㅅ(shiot), but these are not irregulars. So this follows just regular grammar. For example, I said 짓다(jitda)+으면(eumyeon) is 지으면(jieumyeon) right? Because it's an irregular so I have to remove the ㅅ(shiot) at the bottom. But, how about this? 웃다(utda)+으면(eumyeon), means laugh, hahaha. So I want to say "if I laugh", “if you laugh”, it's 우으면(ueumyeon)? Actually, nope. This is 웃으면(useumyeon). So it means "if I laugh", "if I laugh". |
| 짓다(jitda) is irregular so you follow this rule, but 웃다(utda) is not irregular so you don't follow this rule. So only thing is you just need to remember this verb and if you find this verb and if there is conjugation that start with a vowel then you follow this rule. |
| So step number one, when you come across a verb or adjective, you have to see, "Is the verb or adjective ㅅ(shiot) irregular?" You have to see, "How can, teacher, how can I know if this is a ㅅ(shiot) irregular or not?" Well, you have the list here. There are only these 6 verbs are ㅅ(shiot) irregulars. There are no other ㅅ(shiot) irregulars. This is it. If you see other verb like 빼앗다(bbaeatda), 빼앗다(bbaeatda), meaning “to steal” or “to rob”, not a good word, "Teacher, this verb stem also ends with ㅅ(shiot), so is this ㅅ(shiot) irregular?" No, no, no. Only these are ㅅ(shiot) irregular. So when you come across some verb, then see, "Ah, is this ㅅ(shiot) irregular?" If it's one of these ㅅ(shiot) irregulars, one of these ㅅ(shiot) irregulars, then yes. So if the verb or adjective is one of the ㅅ(shiot) irregulars, there are only six verbs, six, six verbs, and it should be one of them. |
| Then go to number 2. And check if the following conjugations start with a vowel. For example, how about 긋다(geutda)? Yes, yes, use 긋다(geutda). Let's use 긋다(geutda). Okay? Now I want to conjugate it with, 긋다(geutda) with … do you know this conjugation? 습니다(seumnida), 습니다(seumnida). It means just "spoken form" "formal spoken form". So when you use this ending, then this word becomes formal. I can use it in presentations or business meetings. So now I want to conjugate it. Then what's the answer do you know? It should be 긋습니다(geutseumnida)? Teacher, you said I have to remove ㅅ(shiot), right? Only when the conjugation start with the vowel. The conjugation doesn't start with the vowel, these are the consonants, right? It start with the consonant, so I use 긋습니다(geutseumnida), 긋습니다(geutseumnida). But, if I conjugate with, 긋다(geutda) with 으면(eumyeon), it means if, right? It becomes 그으면(geueumyeon), 그으면(geueumyeon). |
| So please see if the conjugation starts with a vowel. If the conjugation starts with vowel, then you remove ㅅ(shiot), if the conjugation doesn't start with a vowel then never mind, bye! I'll use the regular grammar rule. |
| So let's see. Number one, check if the verb or adjective is ㅅ(shiot) irregular. So ㅅ(shiot) irregular list is here. And then if it's ㅅ(shiot) irregular, check the conjugation, conjugation. Oh, is the conjugation start with the vowel? then you go to number three, remove ㅅ(shiot). |
| Let's practice more! Let's conjugate with… how about this, 빗다(bitda), 빗다(bitda) means "I brush my hair", 빗다(bitda), "brush", "brush", "brush”. So 빗다(bitda) means "to brush" |
| Now, I want to conjugate 빗다(bitda), 빗다(bitda) with 으세요(euseyo), 으세요(euseyo) means "please do", "please do", "please do". 빗다(bitda), I have to see the rule first. Rule step number one, check if the verb or adjective is ㅅ(shiot) irregular. Is 빗다(bitda) ㅅ(shiot) irregular? I don't remember. Let's see the... Let's see the list. There is no 빗다(bitda). I see, so this is not ㅅ(shiot) irregular. Okay, so never mind. Bye. So 빗다(bitda) is 빗으세요(biseuseyo). Why? First, this is not one of the ㅅ(shiot) irregular, so you don't have to apply this rule. And, 으세요(euseyo) is used when the verb stem end with consonant. And 빗(bit), 빗(bit) is end with consonant, so I use 으세요(euseyo). If it end with vowel, I was supposed to use 세요(seyo), but 빗(bit), it end with consonant, so I say, 빗으세요(biseuseyo), please brush, please brush. |
| Now I want to use this verb 붓다(butda), 붓다(butda) meaning to pour, pour or to swell, so your face got bigger or my eyes got bigger, swollen, 붓다(butda), 붓다(butda). Now I want to conjugate with, 붓다(butda), with 습니다. 습니다 again, it means formal spoken form. So 붓다(butda) is a just dictionary form. I never use it when I speak. So I have to change it to spoken form. And now I'm changing to formal spoken form with 습니다. So how should I do it? I use, the answer is 붓습니다. Why teacher? You said it's irregular. That's right. So let's see 붓다(butda). First, check if the verb or adjective is ㅅ(shiot) irregular. Let's see, is there 붓다(butda)? I don't remember, let's check the list. Ah, yes 붓다(butda) is one of the irregular, okay great. So, yes, I go to number two. Check if the following conjugation starts with a vowel. |
| Oh! Does it start with a vowel? It starts with a consonant. That's right. Since it starts with a consonant, I just go this way. Never mind, bye! So I don't have to think about the irregular. I don't have to think about irregular. And it becomes 붓습니다(butseumnida), 붓습니다(butseumnida). |
| Let me give you another example. Now I want to try this. 젓다(jeotda), 젓다(jeotda). 젓다(jeotda) means to stir, to stir. You probably use this verb a lot when you cook. 젓다(jeotda). Now I want to conjugate 젓다(jeotda) with, let's do this, 으면(eumyeon), 으면(eumyeon) means if. So if you stir, if you stir it, it becomes something. Now I'm a scientist. So if you stir this liquid and this liquid, it becomes delicious juice. So how can I conjugate it? So let's follow this rule. Number one, if the verb or adjective should be irregular. Is 젓다(jeotda) ㅅ(shiot) irregular? I don't remember. Well, if you remember that would be great by the way. I don't remember. Let's see the list. Oh, yes, it's ㅅ(shiot) irregular. It's here. 젓다(jeotda), 젓다(jeotda) to stir. 젓다(jeotda), okay? Since it's yes, let's go to number two. Number two. Check if the following conjugation starts with a vowel. Let's see. Oh! 으면(eumyeon), 으면(eumyeon), it starts with a vowel. 으면(eumyeon), 으면(eumyeon). Okay, so I go to number three. Remove ㅅ(shiot) and conjugate it. Remove ㅅ(shiot), and conjugate it. So when I don't apply this rule, I'm supposed to use 젓으면(jeoseumyeon), but this is incorrect because this is an exception. So I say 저으면(jeoeumyeon), because I need to remove this ㅅ(shiot) from the verb stem, ㅅ(shiot), and then conjugate it. So 저으면(jeoeumyeon) if you stir, if you stir. |
| And whenever I talk about the irregulars, I talk about this. How do Korean people do these irregular? Do Korean people so smart and we memorize all these rules and do it? |
| Actually, nope. We... We mentioned, we say... We say this, this 저으면(jeoeumyeon) so many times in our life. So we just memorize. 젓다(jeotda) plus 으면(eumyeon) is just 저으면(jeoeumyeon). We just memorize it. But as a beginner, you cannot memorize all of this single conjugation and all the words. So you have to memorize this rule first. But once you get used to these rules and when you conjugate it you will naturally say it so what you need right now is practice. |
| Luckily there are only 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 verbs, 6 verbs, just memorize it. And, for this, I memorize it this way with my students. Chimchim and I. Chimchim and I really like each other. So we decided to build the house together. Ta-da, we build the house together and then my house and Chimchim's house. And then, we want to talk a lot. So we connected our house, We connected our house. But still we need privacy, so we draw the line between our houses. And one day I prepared some special juice. And I stir, Oh, I stir, I stir the juice and I pour it to the cup. Pour it to the cup and I give it to Chimchim. And Chimchim said, "Oh, it's better than previous one." |
| So to memorize this, I always make a story to memorize, but it's up to you if you can memorize this. Do it, if not, find your own way. But to me, memorizing with a story or song works. |
| So please remember this. ㅅ(shiot) irregular, there are just six. |
| First, 긋다(geutda) "to draw a line", 낫다(natda) "to recover", 붓다(butda) "to pour", 젓다(jeotda) "to stir", 짓다(jitda) "to build", |
| 잇다(itda) "to connect" |
| So, memorize this verb and try to conjugate it with other conjugations that you know. |
| So, thank you everyone! Bye-bye! |
Comments
Hide