Learn the 으 rregulars
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| Okay, so let's start the irregular. So let me introduce what is 으(eu) irregular. |
| Do you know 바쁘다(babbeuda)? 바쁘다(babbeu-da), 바쁘다(babbeuda). It means "to be busy", "to be busy". |
| And first, let's look at the verb stem, or adjective stem.Find the stem. What is a stem? All the Korean verbs and adjectives end with 다(da). Just remove 다(da). |
| Then you only have 바쁘(babbeu), 바쁘(babbeu). Yes, this is the stem. And please see if the stem ends with 으(eu) sound. 으(eu), 바쁘(babbeu). 으(eu), 으(eu), 으(eu), 으(eu). Yes, it end with 으(eu) sound, 으(eu) sound. It end with this 으(eu) sound, 으(eu). Right? 으(eu). |
| So, since the stem ends with 으(eu) sound, 으(eu) sound, this is one of the irregular, so it doesn't follow our regular grammar rules when you conjugate with 아(a) or 어(eo), 아(a) or 어(eo), 어(eo). |
| There are many other conjugations, right? |
| For example, 고 싶어요(go sipeoyo) meaning "I want to," or 으면(eumyeon) which means "if," so if I'm busy, so "if." |
| But they don't count here because the 으면(eumyeon) or 고 싶어요(go sipeoyo) start with 고(go) or 으(eu), it's not 아(a) or 어(eo). Doesn't start, the conjugation doesn't start with 아(a) or 어(eo). |
| So there are two important conditions that you need to think. |
| First, first, is it, is the stem ends with 으(eu), which means is it one of the 으(eu) irregular? |
| If it's yes, then you have to look at the conjugation. Is the conjugation 아(a) or 어(eo)? Is the conjugation start with 아(a) or 어(eo)? Then, yes, then now you have to conjugate it differently, differently. |
| So I'll show you how to do it, how to do it. Don't worry, it's not going to be so hard. You will be okay. |
| Okay, so let me show you the example of 으(eu) irregulars first. |
| So here are 으(eu) irregulars. First, 배고프다(baegopeuda), 배고프다(baegopeuda) to be hungry. Why is it 으(eu) irregular? It's 배고프(baegopeu), 으(eu), 으(eu). It ends with, the stem ends with 으(eu), so it's 으(eu) irregular. |
| 끄다(kkeuda), 끄다(kkeuda) meaning to turn off. I turn off the light, I turn off my phone. |
| 기쁘다(gippeuda), 기쁘다(gippeuda). These are all dictionary form, by the way. Dictionary form ends with 다(da), right? And 기쁘, 으(eu), 으(eu), it ends with 으(eu), 으(eu). So, it's 으(eu) irregular, meaning to be glad, to be happy. |
| 나쁘다(nappeuda), 나쁘다(nappeuda) meaning to be bad, bad, bad. 나쁘다(nappeuda), 나쁘다(nappeuda). |
| Or 담그다(damgeuda), 담그다(damgeuda) to soak. So for example, you put... maybe you put your bread to soup. 담그다(damgeuda) to soak for a while. Or you put your clothes to the water. 담그다(damgeuda), 담그다(damgeuda) "to soak”, 담그다(damgeuda). |
| Or 뜨다(tteuda), 뜨다(tteuda), meaning "to float". Something is floating on the water. 뜨다(tteuda), 뜨다(tteuda), 뜨다(tteuda). |
| 모으다(moeuda), 모으다(moeuda) meaning "to collect," "gather." |
| Oh, there are a lot. 바쁘다(babbeuda) this is what I introduced today, 바쁘다(babbeuda) meaning "to be busy", "to be busy". |
| And 슬프다(seulpeuda), 슬프다(seulpeuda) "to be sad." |
| And 쓰다(sseuda), 쓰다(sseuda) it has two different meanings. First as a verb means "to write." I write my name. Or, "to be bitter." You took a medicine, it's bitter. Or to me, beer the alcohol is very bitter. So 쓰다(sseuda), 쓰다(sseuda), 쓰다(sseuda). |
| And 아프다(apeuda), "to be sick" 아프다(apeuda), 아프다(apeuda). |
| Or 애쓰다(aesseuda), 애쓰다(aesseuda), 애쓰(aesseu), 으(eu), 으(eu), 으(eu) it end with the stem end with 으(eu) so it's one of the example too. To try, to try. |
| And 예쁘다(yeppeuda), “be pretty”, “to be pretty”, “flowers are pretty”, 예쁘다(yeppeuda), 예쁘다(yeppeuda). |
| So these are the examples of 으(eu) irregular and you follow different rule when you conjugate 아(a) or 어(eo), 아(a) or 어(eo). |
| Oh, there are more! |
| Yes, 잠그다(jamgeuda), 잠그다(jamgeuda) means “to lock”. You lock the door, 잠그다(jamgeuda). |
| Or 크다(keuda), 크다(keuda) to be big. 크다(keuda), 크다(keuda) to be big. |
| 트다(teuda), you open something or sometimes when you're tired your lip is. You see some chop, right? it's cracked so it's 트다(teuda). Or sometimes the sprout sprouts coming out. It's “to sprout”, it’s 트다(teuda), 싹이 트다(ssagi teuda). So open, chop or it this chop is also opened, right? your mouth, lip is opened. Sprout, too. It’s coming, It opens. So it sprouts. |
| So anyway, these are some examples. So let's look at how to use it. |
| So first, first, you have to make sure, you have to make sure that the verb or the adjective is one of the irregular. Is it one of these irregular? You have to see. It's not very difficult. You just need to see the stem and hmm, is the stem ends with 으(eu) sound? If it's yes, then it's the 으(eu) irregular, 으(eu) irregular |
| And number two. Make sure that the following conjugation start with 아(a) or 여(yeo). |
| So for example, let me bring 바쁘다(babbeuda), “to be busy” again. It's not showing.바쁘다(babbeuda) and imagine I want to conjugate it with 으면(eumyeon), 으면(eumyeon) which means “if”. 바쁘다(babbeuda) means “busy”. So I want to say “if I'm busy, if I'm busy on that day, I can not join the meeting”. So I want to conjugate it. In that case, you just follow the regular rule because it's 으면(eumyeon) It's not, it doesn't start with 아(a) or 어(eo). The conjugation doesn't start 아(a) or 어(eo). So please forget about this, all this rule. |
| If the conjugation starts with 아(a), it doesn't start with 아(a) or 여(yeo). 아(a) or 어(eo), actually, sorry for the typo, it's 어(eo). |
| Number three. Get the stem of the verb or adjective. Okay, I'll get the stem. What's the stem here? Just remove 다(da), this is the stem. This is the stem. Okay, I did number three. |
| What's number four? Replace 으(eu) sound in the stem. 으(eu) sound with 아(a) or 어(eo), 아(a) or 어(eo). Okay, interesting. How? So remove 으(eu) sound, and it should be 아(a) or 어(eo). I have to choose, I have to choose one of them. So how can I choose? There are rules. |
| Rule number one. So there are three different rules. |
| If the closest vowel is 아(a) or 오(o) use 아(a). |
| If the closest vowel is not 아(a) or 오(o), 아(a) or 오(o), use 어(eo). |
| If the stem has just one syllable, use 어(eo). |
| Hm, what does that mean? Let me show you the example one by one. |
| So, let's look at this. If the first vowel is 아(a) or 오(o), use 아(a). For example, it was originally 으, right? Remove 으, let's replace with one of them. And let's look at the closest vowel. The closest vowel is this, right? This, this is 아(a) sound. 아(a), 아(a), 아(a). Ah, I see. |
| So, why wrong graphic? So, closest vowel is 아(a) or 오(o). so I use 아(a) here, 아(a) here, that's right. |
| Another example, another example, which is… let's try 예쁘다(yeppeuda), 예쁘다(yeppeuda), 예쁘다(yeppeuda) meaning "to be pretty." |
| Okay, number one, I want to see if it's 으(eu) irregular. Yes, if I delete 다(da) then it's end with 으(eu), 으(eu), so it's 으(eu) irregular. And just imagine that I want to conjugate it with 아(a) or 어(eo). I don't know which one I will use. So, ta-da. Let's look at the closest, closest vowel. Which is closest vowel? It’s this. It’s 예(ye) sound, it's not 아(a) or 어(eo), so I now use 어(eo) sound, I use 어(eo) sound, but I don't use this directly, I only use this part. This part, this part. Not this, not this. So, 예뻐(yeppeo), 예뻐(yeppeo), 예뻐(yeppeo). |
| I have another example. Now I want to write a book. I want to write a book about life of Chimchim. What is "to write" in Korean? |
| Which is 쓰다(sseuda). I see! 쓰다(sseuda), 쓰다(sseuda). Okay, so now I want to conjugate it with 아(a) or 어(eo), I don't know which one I should use. |
| Okay, so let's look at this verb first. Let's get the stem. Remove 다, it’s 쓰(sseu), 쓰(sseu), 으(eu), 으(eu). It ended with vowel sound, which is 으(eu), 으(eu) vowel sound. |
| 으(eu), it’s 으(eu) irregular. Okay ping pong. |
| Number two, Number two. So I remove this. Oh wait. I don't have any closest vowel. What should I do? Ah, I see. There's any, any, any vowel before this sound, then just use 어(eo), always use 어(eo). Yes, if there's just one syllable, then you always use 어(eo), 어(eo). This 어(eo). So it becomes 써(sseo), 써(sseo), 써(sseo). |
| So a lot of people are confused with this. So please just remember this and let's practice a lot. And here's something that you have to be careful. How about this? 다르다(dareuda), 다르다(dareuda) meaning to be different. It's different. Oh, you look different, 다르다(dareuda). 어, 오늘 좀 다른데(Eo, oneul jom dareunde)? 다르다(dareuda) meaning "to different." Is it one of 으(eu) irregulars? Let's see. Let's get the stem. Remove 다(da) and this is the stem. 다르(dareu), 으(eu), 으(eu). Ah! It ended with 으(eu) sound. This is 으(eu) irregular, right? |
| I'm sorry, but it's no. Because it, the stem end with 르(reu), 르(reu) is different conjugation, so it follows different rule. And we already covered 르(reu) irregulars, 르(reu) is a different irregular, so please don't follow this 으(eu) irregular. So 르(reu) is a different one, it doesn't follow a rule, so forget about it. It follows a different rule It should not end with 르(reu), 르(reu). it should not, it should not! |
| Let's try some more. By the way, for some people who is not familiar with 아(a) or 어(eo), they might be wondering what is 아(a) or 어(eo)? 아(a) or 어(eo) itself doesn't mean anything. But in Korean, there are many conjugations that start with 아(a) or 어(eo). |
| For example, 아(a), 어(eo), 여(요)(yeo(yo)). This means present tense, present tense. This is a present tense. So it doesn't mean anything. It's just a Korean present tense in spoken form. As you saw, all the Korean verbs and adjectives end with 다(da), but we never use the dictionary form. We don't use the dictionary form. When we speak or when we write, we conjugate it with a different form and this is one of them. This is a present tense. This is how we turn the dictionary form of the verb or adjective to the present tense. |
| So look at the present tense. It starts with 아(a) or 어(eo), right? |
| Another example is 아(a), 어(eo), 여도(yeodo). It means even if even if so you conjugated with diction form with this or 아(a), 어(eo), 여서(yeoseo). It means, it means because. “I can't go because I'm busy.” 바빠서, 바빠서 못 갈 것 같아(Babbaseo, babbaseo mot gal geot gata). |
| So like this, there are some conjugations that start with 아(a), 어(eo), 여서, 아(a), 어(eo), 여서(yeoseo). In that case, in that case, you have to follow this rule. So there are other conjugations that start with 고(go) or 으면(eumyeon) that doesn't count here. |
| Now I have different verb for you which is 아프다(apeuda), 아프다(apeuda), 아프다(apeuda) meaning to sick to be sick 아프다(apeuda), 아프다(apeuda). So let's look at the rule number one: make sure that the verb or adjective is one of the 으(eu) irregular. How can I know is It's 으(eu) irregulars? It's easy. Just remove 다(da), 다(da), then you have 아프(apeu), 으(eu), 으(eu). It ended with 으(eu) sound, right? 으(eu) sound, so it's 으(eu) irregular. |
| And let's look at what conjugation is coming. |
| Let's just conjugate it with the present tense, which is just 아(a), 어(eo), 아(a), 어(eo). |
| It's 아(a), 어(eo), 여(yeo). But 여(yeo) is always conjugated with 하다(hada) verb, and 하다(hada) verb can never be 으(eu) verb, so let's just don't think about it. So, let's conjugate it with 아프다(apeuda) with 아(a) or 어(eo), 아(a) or 어(eo). |
| Okay, number two, make sure that the following conjugations start with 아(a) or 어(eo). |
| Yes, the present tense end with 아(a) or 어(eo). Get the verb stem or adjective stem. Yes, it's here. I already made it. It's here. |
| And number four, replace the 으(eu), 으(eu), 으(eu) sound with something else, something else. Hmm, which one should I use? Okay, so let's look at this. If the closest vowel is 아(a) or 오(o), then use 아(a). |
| Let me see. The closest, ah, it hurts! 아파(apa)! 아파(apa)! 아프다(apeuda)! It hurts! Anyway, it's a great example for this. So the closest vowel is this 아 sound, right? 아(a), 아(a), 아(a) sound. Ah, so I use 아파(apa) instead of 아(a), 아(a). So I'm supposed to use this 아(a) sound. It comes here like this. 아파(apa), 아파(apa). |
| So 아파(apa) means “it hurts”, “I'm sick”. So, “How are you? You don't look good today.” Then you can say 아, 아파(A, apa), 오늘 아파(Oneul apa). “I'm sick today” 아파(apa), 아파(apa). So 아파(apa), you conjugate it like this. 아파(apa) is informal. So if you want to be polite, if you want to be polite, then you put 요(yo) at the end as in 아파요(apayo), 아파요(apayo). |
| How about this? 슬프다(seulpeuda). So we have 슬프다(seulpeuda). So look at this. Make sure the verb or adjective, adjectives one of 으(eu) irregular. It's easy because 슬프(seulpeu), 으(eu), 으(eu), 으(eu). Yes, the stem ends with 으(eu) sound, so it's one of the irregulars. Ping pong! |
| Let's move to number 2. Make sure that following conjugation starts with 아(a) or 어(eo). Let's just think we are trying to conjugate it with 아(a) or 어(eo), which is the present tense, 아(a) or 어(eo). Casual present tense, casual spoken present tense. |
| Number three, get the stem of the verb or adjective. Oh, stem is easy. Just remove 다(da). 슬프(seulpeu), 으(eu), 으(eu), 슬프(seulpeu). Yes, it end with 으(eu) sound. |
| And now rule number four. Replace the 으(eu), 으(eu) sound with 아(a) or 어(eo). Hmm, I need to look at the closest… closest vowel, which is this. 슬(seul), 슬(seul), 슬(seul). Ah, the closest vowel is 으(eu) sound too. It's not 아(a) or 오(o), so I used 어(eo) sound. So replace 으(eu) sound with 어(eo) sound. So I use the 어(eo) sound here. |
| So “I'm sad” in casual Korean is 슬퍼(seulpeo), 슬퍼(seulpeo), 슬퍼(seulpeo), or politely you can say 슬퍼요(seulpeoyo). This is how we conjugate it. |
| So, 슬퍼(seulpeo) means "I'm sad," or even "he's sad" or "she's sad," "we are sad," "they are sad," I don't know, because I didn't put the subject here. And in Korean, very often we omit the subject here, omit the subject here, because in the context we can easily understand, in the context we can easily understand So, well, it’s okay to omit it. we understand it from the context. |
| How can you get used to it? You need practice and read it out. And why do you think there is an irregular? This is a question that I always ask whenever I teach you the irregulars. This happens simply because it's easier to pronounce. So for example, 아프다(apeuda). Let's conjugate it with the regular, the regular grammar, the usual grammar. Usually, when you want to conjugate it with 아(a) or 어(eo), 아(a) or 어(eo), you first remove 다(da), 다(da), 다(da). And you have to conjugate either 아(a) or 어(eo), 아(a) or 어(eo). And let's put it closely. 아(a) or 어(eo), 아(a) or 어(eo). |
| And when you pronounce it quickly, quickly with the conjugation 아프아요(apeuayo), 아파요(apayo), It naturally becomes 아파요(apayo) because this vowel sound is already opened. So your mouth is already opened. 아(a), 아프아(apeua), so naturally your mouth becomes open. So it becomes 아프아요(apeuayo), 아파요(apayo), 아파요(apayo). |
| So we don't Korean people don't think about the rules. It just happens when we pronounce it quickly and naturally our mouth just opened. 아파요(apayo), 아파요(apayo). |
| This too. 예쁘다(yeppeuda), 예쁘다(yeppeuda). Usually you remove this and then you have to conjugate it with either 아(a) or 어(eo). The mouse is not very big 예(ye). If it's 아(a) or 오(o), your jaw is already big, 아(a), 오(o), 아(a), 오(o). But 예 is 예 is not so big 예(ye), 예(ye). It's not 아(a), 오(o), 예(ye), 예(ye). So your jaw is already small. So naturally when you say the next vowel, 예뻐요(yeppeoyo), it becomes this. |
| So it happens very naturally. Some Korean people say 아(a), 아퍼요(apeoyo). Because, because it's just a dialect. The correct rule is 아파요(apayo). 아(a), 아퍼(apeo), 아퍼(apeo), some people say that. So I don't want to teach you the wrong grammar that Korean people use. So don't worry about it, follow this, follow this standard Korean. But in spoken Korean, some Korean people just use different conjugations as long as it's understandable. So don't worry, this is definitely not an easy grammar, not an easy irregular. And this is intermediate grammar and even intermediate grammar learners, intermediate learners make a lot of mistakes here. I don't think I've seen any student who understands this grammar in 30 minutes and then use it fluently. Everyone needs practice. So if you understand that's very smart and awesome, now you need practice. If you don't understand, don't worry because that's normal, that's normal. The students need to understand this grammar for a little bit long time because this is not easy, it's complicated. |
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