Learn how to use particles that indicate time
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Brandon: Particles that Indicate Time. I’m Brandon! |
| Kyejin: 안녕하세요. I'm Kyejin. |
| Brandon: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use prepositions of time. The conversation takes place at a university campus. |
| Kyejin: It’s between Sujin and Ujin. |
| Brandon: The speakers are friends, so they’ll be using informal Korean. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| 우진: 수진아, 이번 주 금요일에 집들이가 있어. 혹시 올 수 있어? |
| 수진: 몇 시부터 몇 시까지 할 거야? |
| 우진: 6시부터 11시까지 할 거야. 하지만 7시 전에 오면 떡을 마음껏 먹을 수 있어. |
| 수진: 저녁 7시 전에 와야만 떡을 마음껏 먹을 수 있어? |
| 우진: 응, 그러니까 꼭 7시 전에 와야 해. |
| Brandon: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| 우진: 수진아, 이번 주 금요일에 집들이가 있어. 혹시 올 수 있어? |
| 수진: 몇 시부터 몇 시까지 할 거야? |
| 우진: 6시부터 11시까지 할 거야. 하지만 7시 전에 오면 떡을 마음껏 먹을 수 있어. |
| 수진: 저녁 7시 전에 와야만 떡을 마음껏 먹을 수 있어? |
| 우진: 응, 그러니까 꼭 7시 전에 와야 해. |
| Brandon: Listen to the conversation with English translation |
| 우진: 수진아, 이번 주 금요일에 집들이가 있어. 혹시 올 수 있어? |
| Ujin: Hey Sujin, there’s a housewarming party this week on Friday. Will you be able to come? |
| 수진: 몇 시부터 몇 시까지 할 거야? |
| Sujin: From when until when will it be held? |
| 우진: 6시부터 11시까지 할 거야. 하지만 7시 전에 오면 떡을 마음껏 먹을 수 있어. |
| Ujin: It will be held from 6 o’clock until 11 o’clock at night. If you arrive before 7 p.m., you can eat as many rice cakes as you want. |
| 수진: 저녁 7시 전에 와야만 떡을 마음껏 먹을 수 있어? |
| Sujin: I can eat as many rice cakes as I want only if I arrive before 7 o’clock? |
| 우진: 응, 그러니까 꼭 7시 전에 와야 해. |
| Ujin: Yeah, so you should come before 7 o’clock. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Brandon: Kyejin, have you ever been invited to a Korean housewarming party? |
| Kyejin: Sure! It’s very common to get invited to 집들이 (jipdeuri) or a Korean traditional housewarming party. As some of my friends are getting married, I have been getting more chances to go to 집들이. |
| Brandon: What do you usually bring as gifts for the party? |
| Kyejin: Usually guests bring household items such as toilet paper and air freshener, while the host is responsible for providing food and refreshments. My favorite item is a set of toilet paper. |
| Brandon: Well, that’s very interesting! I guess that unlike American housewarming parties where it’s mostly about partying and having a good time, housewarming parties in Korea are more practical and helpful. |
| Kyejin: They are also fun too, though! Listeners, if you get invited to a Korean housewarming party or 집들이, make sure you bring toilet paper, paper towels, or soap. Your friends will remember your visit every time they use them! |
| Brandon: Good to know. Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Brandon: Let’s take a look at vocabulary used in this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Kyejin: 집들이 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: housewarming party |
| Kyejin: 집들이 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 집들이 [natural native speed] |
| Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 혹시 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: by any chance, perhaps |
| Kyejin: 혹시 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 혹시 [natural native speed] |
| Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 떡 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: rice cake |
| Kyejin: 떡 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 떡 [natural native speed] |
| Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 마음껏 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: your heart's content, as much as one pleases |
| Kyejin: 마음껏 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 마음껏 [natural native speed] |
| Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 이번 주 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: this week |
| Kyejin: 이번 주 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 이번 주 [natural native speed] |
| Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 그러니까 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: And therefore... |
| Kyejin: 그러니까 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 그러니까 [natural native speed] |
| Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 시 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: hour |
| Kyejin: 시 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 시 [natural native speed] |
| Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 때 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: time |
| Kyejin: 때 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 때 [natural native speed] |
| Last we have.. |
| Kyejin: 꼭 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: surely, certainly, absolutely |
| Kyejin: 꼭 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 꼭 [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Brandon: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Kyejin: 혹시 |
| Brandon: meaning.. "by any chance, perhaps." This word is always accompanied by a question. It has multiple, yet similar meanings, some of which are “by any chance,” “perhaps,” or “could it be.” Can you give us an example? |
| Kyejin: You can make a question like 파티에 올 수 있어요? (ol su isseoyo?) .. |
| Brandon: .. meaning "Will you be able to come to the party?" |
| Kyejin: .. then add the word 혹시 at the beginning of the question to make it sound polite.혹시 파티에 올 수 있어요? |
| Brandon: “Will you be able to come to the party by any chance?” |
| Kyejin: It sounds more polite than asking a question without 혹시. |
| Brandon: Okay, what’s the next word? |
| Kyejin: 마음껏 (maeumkkeot) |
| Brandon: meaning.. "your heart's content,” “as much as one pleases,” or “as much as you can" |
| Kyejin: 마음껏 is composed of two words 마음 and 껏. 마음 (maeum) translated to English means "heart/mind." 껏 (kkeot) is translated to English as "as far," "as much as," "to the best," and so on. |
| Brandon: So when the two words are combined, the term "as much as your heart" is created. Can you give us some examples? |
| Kyejin: Sure. Actually 마음껏 can be used with a variety of different verbs. For example, 마음껏 울다 (maeumkkeot ulda) .. |
| Brandon: ..which means "cry your heart out" |
| Kyeji: .. and 마음껏 즐기다 (maeumkkeot jeulgida) |
| Brandon: .. which means "enjoy yourself to the fullest." Okay, now onto the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
| Brandon: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use time marking particles. |
| Kyejin: We have four time marking particles 부터, 까지, 에, 만. First, let’s take a look at the particle 부터 which means “from”. |
| Brandon: As we use the same particle as the location marking particle, it means “from” when attached to a noun or a particle. This particle marks a specific day or time that an event starts. It corresponds to "from" in English. |
| Kyejin: For example, you can say.. 1월 1일부터 Brandon: "from January 1st" |
| Kyejin: 1월 1일 means “January 1st” and you can add the time-marking particle 부터 meaning “from” next to them. |
| Brandon: Then, how do you say “from 10 o’clock”? |
| Kyejin: In Korean, 10 시 is the word meaning “10 o’clock”, so you can say 10시부터 . |
| Brandon: meaning.. "from 10 o'clock" Okay, what’s the next time marking particle? |
| Kyejin: Next we have.. 까지 |
| Brandon: meaning “until, to, till.” When attached to a noun, particle, or adverb, this particle marks a specific day or time when an event ends. |
| Kyejin: For example, you can say.. 점심시간은 1시까지입니다. |
| Brandon: Which means "Lunch time is until 1 o'clock." |
| Kyejin: You can use the particles 부터 buteo ("from") and 까지 kkaji ("to/until") together to mark the start and end of an event. |
| Brandon: For example... |
| Kyejin: 9월 21일부터 9월 23일까지 |
| Brandon: "from September 21st till 23rd" |
| Kyejin: 점심시간은 오후 12시부터 오후 1시까지입니다. |
| Brandon: "Lunch time is from 12 p.m. to 1 p.m." Okay, let’s take a look at the next particle. |
| Kyejin: Next, we have the particle 에. |
| Brandon: As you might remember, this particle can be used as both a location marking particle and a time marking particle. When it’s used to mark time, this particle can be translated into English as "at," "to," "on" or "in," depending on the context. It can be used to indicate time, direction, or a specific location where an action takes place. Can you give us an example? |
| Kyejin: Sure. For “at 1 o’clock?” you can say 1시에. 1시 means “1 o’clock”, and here you can add the particle 에 to add the meaning of “at”. |
| Brandon: Then, how do you say “I eat lunch at 1 o’clock?” |
| Kyejin: You can say.. 1시에 점심을 먹습니다. |
| Brandon: Listeners, in the lesson notes, we have a review of different usages of this particle, so please check them out. |
| Kyejin: Now we have one more time-marking particle, which is 만. |
| Brandon: This particle usually means “only” in general. But you can use it as a time marking particle to indicate how much time has passed between the start of a previous action or state and the start of a new action or state. It’s usually translated as “it has been + time.” Sometimes it’s also translated as “after/in + time.” |
| Kyejin: For example, if you haven’t seen someone for one year, and finally you’re meeting someone again, you can say 1년만이다. |
| Brandon: which means “It's been one year.” |
| Kyejin: Using the word, you can also say 3달만에 한국에 왔어요. |
| Brandon: which means “I came back to Korea three months after I left.” |
| Kyejin: Note that when you use the verb 이다 meaning “to be” you don’t need an additional particle 에. But when you use the word 만 with action verbs, such as 오다, 가다, you need to add an extra particle 에 as in 3달만에. |
Outro |
| Brandon: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thanks for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Kyejin: 안녕히 계세요. |
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