Learn how to use the words -아 (-a), -어 (-eo), -여 (-yeo), which connect verbs, and the sentence ending particle 요 (yo)
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Brandon: Words that Connect Verbs and the Sentence Ending Particle Yo. I’m Brandon! |
| Kyejin: 안녕하세요. I'm Kyejin. |
| Brandon: So, what are we going to learn in this lesson? |
| Kyejin: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use words connecting verbs and the sentence-ending particle - 요(yo) |
| Brandon: The conversation takes place on a street. |
| Kyejin: It’s between Daehan and Sora. |
| Brandon: The speakers know each other but not very well, so they’ll be using using formal Korean. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
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| 소라: 오늘 날씨는 정말 좋아요. |
| 대한: 맞아요. 소라 씨는 스파게티가 좋아요? |
| 소라: 네. 저는 스파게티를 좋아해요. 잘 먹어요. 좋은 이탈리안 레스토랑을 알고 있어요. |
| 대한: 아, 그럼 같이 먹어요. 그런데.. 지금 뭐해요? |
| 소라: 구글에서 위치를 검색하고 있어요. |
| Brandon: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| 소라: 오늘 날씨는 정말 좋아요. |
| 대한: 맞아요. 소라 씨는 스파게티가 좋아요? |
| 소라: 네. 저는 스파게티를 좋아해요. 잘 먹어요. 좋은 이탈리안 레스토랑을 알고 있어요. |
| 대한: 아, 그럼 같이 먹어요. 그런데.. 지금 뭐해요? |
| 소라: 구글에서 위치를 검색하고 있어요. |
| Brandon: Listen to the conversation with English translation |
| 소라: 오늘 날씨는 정말 좋아요. |
| Sora: The weather today is very good. |
| 대한: 맞아요. 소라 씨는 스파게티가 좋아요? |
| Daehan: Right. Sora, do you like spaghetti? |
| 소라: 네. 저는 스파게티를 좋아해요. 잘 먹어요. 좋은 이탈리안 레스토랑을 알고 있어요. |
| Sora: Yes. I like spaghetti. I like it a lot. I know a nice Italian restaurant. |
| 대한: 아, 그럼 같이 먹어요. 그런데.. 지금 뭐해요? |
| Daehan: Ah, let's eat together. Well.. what are you doing now? |
| 소라: 구글에서 위치를 검색하고 있어요. |
| Sora: I'm searching for the location on Google. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Brandon: I think these two are interested in each other! |
| Kyejin: I agree. Sora is really trying to find a good restaurant on Google. |
| Brandon: Do Korean people usually use Google and other search engines to find restaurants? |
| Kyejin: Yes, we do. When we’re looking for a good restaurant in Korea online, we try typing in the kinds of foods we want to eat. |
| Brandon: I’ve done that too, but I’ve noticed that many of the blog posts about restaurants only say positive things. |
| Kyejin: That’s true. In Korea, blogging is becoming a business in itself, so you should check whether the posts are sponsored by a restaurant owner or not. |
| Brandon: Is there some way to filter them from good reviews? |
| Kyejin: Actually, there is. One of the most popular ways is to add the keyword 오빠랑 (opparang) which means "with my boyfriend." along with the food name. |
| Brando: Why does that help?! |
| Kyejin: Many of the people who run blogs are women, and they use this keyword a lot when they write about a good or bad restaurant they went to on a date. This keyword is not usually used when it's paid, because people don't go to restaurants on dates when they’re being paid. |
| Brandon: I see. Listeners, if you're looking for a good restaurant, you can try using this keyword along with the name of the food. Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Let take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson |
| Brandon: The first word is.. |
| Kyejin: 날씨 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: weather |
| Kyejin: 날씨 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 날씨 [natural native speed] |
| Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 정말 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: really, for real |
| Kyejin: 정말 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 정말 [natural native speed] |
| Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 스파게티 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: spaghetti |
| Kyejin: 스파게티 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 스파게티 [natural native speed] |
| Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 잘 먹다. [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to like [specific food] a lot |
| Kyejin: 잘 먹다. [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 잘 먹다. [natural native speed] |
| Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 이탈리안 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Italian |
| Kyejin: 이탈리안 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 이탈리안 [natural native speed] |
| Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 레스토랑 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: restaurant |
| Kyejin: 레스토랑 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 레스토랑 [natural native speed] |
| Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 같이 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: together |
| Kyejin: 같이 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 같이 [natural native speed] |
| Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 지도 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: map |
| Kyejin: 지도 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 지도 [natural native speed] |
| And last |
| Kyejin: 검색하다 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to search (on the Internet) |
| Kyejin: 검색하다 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 검색하다 [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Brandon: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is.. |
| Kyejin: 잘 먹다. |
| Brandon: Which means "to like [specific food item] a lot" |
| Kyejin: This literally means "to eat something very well." 잘 (jal) means "well" and 먹다 (meoktta) means "to eat." |
| Brandon: When you like a specific food a lot and want to say "I like something a lot so I eat it without any hesitation" you can use this phrase. You put the name of the specific food in front of this phrase, for example.. |
| Kyejin: 김치를 잘 먹다 (gimchireul jal meoktta) |
| Brandon: which means "I like Kimchi a lot" or literally "I eat Kimchi very well." |
| Kyejin: You can also use this as a question, as in 김치 잘 먹어요? (gimchi jal meogeoyo?) |
| Brandon: It means "Do you like Kimchi a lot?" or literally "Do you eat Kimchi well?" Kyejin, can we use this for any situation? |
| Kyejin: Yes, you can use this phrase in both formal and informal situations. But when you're respectfully asking someone if they like some kind of food, you need to use the verb 드시다 (deusida) |
| Brandon: This is the honorific verb meaning "to eat." |
| Kyejin: That’s right. For example, you’d say 김치를 잘 드세요? (gimchireul jal deuseyo?) to ask if the other person likes Kimchi a lot. |
| Brandon: Okay, what’s our next word? |
| Kyejin: 레스토랑 (reseutorang) |
| Brandon: This means "restaurant". This is imported from the French word "restaurant." But there’s another word meaning ‘a restaurant’, right? |
| Kyejin: Yes, we have 식당 (sikdang), which means "restaurant" as well. 레스토랑 (reseutorang) and 식당 (sikdang) are used by Koreans for different styles of restaurant. When it's a non-Korean style restaurant or a Korean restaurant that is a bit more expensive, people use the word 레스토랑. That’s why people say 이탈리안 레스토랑 (itallian reseutorang) not 이탈리안 식당 (italian sikdang) to mean "Italian restaurant.” |
| Brandon: But when the price is average or lower than average, people use the other word, right? |
| Kyejin: That’s right. We use the word 식당 (sikdang) to refer to Korean-style restaurants that are not expensive. For example, you can say 한국식당 (hanguksikdang) to mean "Korean restaurant" when the price is between 5 and 10 US dollars. |
| Brandon: Good to know. Okay, now onto the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
| Brandon: In this lesson, you'll learn how to use words that connect verbs and are used between a verb-stem and a particular sentence-ending particle… |
| Kyejin: Which is 요(yo.) In the last lesson, you learned about the sentence ending particle 요 (yo). |
| Brandon: To conjugate a verb with this sentence ending particle, you need to add extra syllables between. |
| Kyejin: And 아/어/여 (- a/eo/yeo) are the syllables. |
| Brandon: Let’s start with the first one. |
| Kyejin: First we have the syllable 아 (a.) We use this ending with verbs that have either the vowel ㅗ (o), orㅏ (a) in the verb stem's final syllable. |
| Brandon: For example..? |
| Kyejin: Let’s use the verb 보다 (boda) meaning “to see” or “to watch.” The verb-stem of this verb is 보, and it has the vowel ㅗ (o) in the final syllable. So you can put 아 (a) before the sentence ending particle 요 (yo). So it will be 보/아 (bo+a). But since it’s two vowels sitting next to each other, it is shortened to 봐. |
| Brandon: So basically, we just need to check the verb-stem, and which vowel is at the last syllable, then choose the word, right? |
| Kyejin: That’s right. |
| Brandon: How can you use it in a sentence? |
| Kyejin: For example, you can say 텔레비전을 봐요. meaning “I watch TV.” |
| Brandon: Listeners, make sure you check the lesson notes for more information and examples. Okay, what’s the next one? |
| Kyejin: Next, we have 어 (eo). We use this ending with verbs that have any vowel other than the vowels ㅗ (o), orㅏ (a) in the verb stem's final syllable. The vowels are ㅜ(u) and ㅓ (eo.) |
| Brandon: For example? |
| Kyejin: Let’s use the verb 먹다 (meoktta) meaning ‘to eat.’ The verb-stem is 먹 (meok-), and it has ㅓ (eo) in the final syllable of the verb-stem. |
| Brandon: So how do you say “to eat” using this sentence-ending particle? |
| Kyejin: You can put the word 어 (eo) between the verb-stem and the sentence-ending particle 요. So it’d be 먹어요. (meogeoyo.) |
| Brandon: Let’s talk about the last word. |
| Kyejin: The last one is 여 (yoe.) With this word, you don’t need to check the verb-stem and the vowel in the last syllable. It works with only one verb, which is 하다 (hada) |
| Brandon: That’s the verb meaning “to do”, right? |
| Kyejin: That’s right. There are many verbs with this 하다 at the end. For example, 공부하다 (gongbu-hada) |
| Brandon: meaning “to study.” |
| Kyejin: And when the verb ends with 하다 (hada), or the verb-stem 하-(ha-), you can simply add the word 여 (yeo). |
| Brandon: How do you say ‘to study’ using this sentence-ending particle? |
| Kyejin: The verb-stem is 공부하 - so you can say 공부하여요. (slow) 공부하 / 여/ 요. (normal) 공부하여요. |
| Brandon: But Korean people usually read it in a different way, right? |
| Kyejin: That’s right. 하여- (hayeo-) can be shortened to 해 (hae), so we say 공부해요 (gong-buhaeyo), not 공부하여요 (gongbu-hayeoyo.) 공부하여요 (gongbu-hayeoyo) still makes sense, but it doesn’t sound natural. |
| Brandon: Don’t forget that tip, listeners! And make sure to check the lesson notes for more examples and information. |
Outro |
| Brandon: And that’s all for this lesson. Thanks for listening, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Kyejin: 안녕히 계세요. |
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