Dialogue

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Vocabulary (Review)

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Lesson Notes

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Lesson Transcript

INTRODUCTION
Matt: Particles Expressing "If" and "Even if." Matt here.
Kyejin: 안녕하세요. And I'm Kyejin.
Matt: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use particles meaning “at least” or “if.”
Kyejin: In Korean, these are 라도 and-면.
Matt: This conversation takes place on a university campus.
Kyejin: It’s between Hanbin and Anna.
Matt: The speakers are friends, so they’ll be using informal Korean. Okay, let's listen to the conversation.

Lesson conversation
아나: 한빈아, 어제 내 전화 왜 씹었어? 오래 기다렸었어.
한빈: 그때 퇴근 시간이라서 전화를 못 받았어.
아나: 문자라도 보낼 수 없었어?
한빈: 팀장님께 혼나는 게 멈출 때까지 퇴근할 수 없었어. 너한테 문자를 보낼 수 없었어.
아나: 그래도 약속 시간을 못 지키게 되면 연락이라도 해야지.
한빈: 미안해... 다음에는 그렇게 할게.
Matt: Listen to the conversation one time slowly.
아나: 한빈아, 어제 내 전화 왜 씹었어? 오래 기다렸었어.
한빈: 그때 퇴근 시간이라서 전화를 못 받았어.
아나: 문자라도 보낼 수 없었어?
한빈: 팀장님께 혼나는 게 멈출 때까지 퇴근할 수 없었어. 너한테 문자를 보낼 수 없었어.
아나: 그래도 약속 시간을 못 지키게 되면 연락이라도 해야지.
한빈: 미안해... 다음에는 그렇게 할게.
Matt: Listen to the conversation with the English translation
Anna: Hanbin, why didn't you answer your phone yesterday? I waited a long time.
Hanbin: I was leaving the office then, so I couldn't answer my phone.
Anna: Couldn’t you at least have sent me a text message?
Hanbin: I couldn't leave the office until our team leader stopped giving me a hard time. I wasn’t able to text you.
Anna: Still, if you can’t keep your appointments you should at least contact me.
Hanbin: I’m sorry… next time I will.
POST CONVERSATION BANTER
Matt: Kyejin, is it true that it’s not common to leave the office on time at a Korean company?
Kyejin: Unfortunately, yes, that’s true. Since it’s so rare, we even have a term meaning “leaving the office on time.”
Matt: What’s that?
Kyejin: It’s 칼퇴근. It can be used to describe getting off work at a very precise time, usually the time which is set in the contract.
Matt: It has the word meaning “knife” at the beginning, right?
Kyejin: That’s right. The word 칼 originally means "knife," and it’s placed in front of the word 퇴근 which means “leaving the office.”
Matt: It sounds similar to how we use “sharp” in English. Can you give us an example using this word?
Kyejin: Sure. For example, you can use the expression, 그는 7시에 칼퇴근 한다,
Matt: meaning "He gets off work at 7 sharp." It seems that Koreans tend to work two or three extra hours after their work schedule is over, so people usually use this word when one of their coworkers leaves the office on time. Are other people okay with their co-workers leaving on time while they’re still at work?
Kyejin: Not really. If you do so, others will complain 저 사람은 언제나 칼퇴근을 해,
Matt: meaning “He always leaves the office on time.” That’s kind of sad! Okay, now onto the vocab.
VOCAB LIST
Matt: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is..
Kyejin: 전화를 씹다 [natural native speed]
Matt: “to ignore a phone call” This is a colloquial phrase.
Kyejin: 전화를 씹다[slowly - broken down by syllable]
Kyejin: 전화를 씹다 [natural native speed]
Matt: Next we have..
Kyejin: 기다리다 [natural native speed]
Matt: to wait
Kyejin: 기다리다[slowly - broken down by syllable]
Kyejin: 기다리다 [natural native speed]
Matt: Next we have..
Kyejin: 퇴근 [natural native speed]
Matt: leaving one's office
Kyejin: 퇴근[slowly - broken down by syllable]
Kyejin: 퇴근 [natural native speed]
Matt: Next we have..
Kyejin: 못 받다 [natural native speed]
Matt: not being able to receive or answer
Kyejin: 못 받다[slowly - broken down by syllable]
Kyejin: 못 받다 [natural native speed]
Matt: Next we have..
Kyejin: 문자 [natural native speed]
Matt: text message, SMS
Kyejin: 문자[slowly - broken down by syllable]
Kyejin: 문자 [natural native speed]
Matt: Next we have..
Kyejin: 혼나다 [natural native speed]
Matt: to be scolded
Kyejin: 혼나다[slowly - broken down by syllable]
Kyejin: 혼나다 [natural native speed]
Matt: Next we have..
Kyejin: 연락하다 [natural native speed]
Matt: to contact, to keep in touch
Kyejin: 연락하다[slowly - broken down by syllable]
Kyejin: 연락하다 [natural native speed]
Matt: Next we have..
Kyejin: 미안하다 [natural native speed]
Matt: to be sorry
Kyejin: 미안하다[slowly - broken down by syllable]
Kyejin: 미안하다 [natural native speed]
Matt: Next we have..
Kyejin: 다음 [natural native speed]
Matt: next, next time
Kyejin: 다음[slowly - broken down by syllable]
Kyejin: 다음 [natural native speed]
KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES
Matt: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is..
Kyejin: 문자를 보내다
Matt: meaning "to text." Kyejin, can you break down this phrase?
Kyejin: Sure. It’s composed of a noun, 문자, which means "text message," and a verb, 보내다,which means "to send."
Matt: All together, it literally means “to send a text.” This phrase is used primarily to talk about text messaging. For example, if you want to say “I’ll text you later”, you can say..
Kyejin: 나중에 문자를 보낼게.
Matt: These days, I think people also use some other expressions to mean “to text.” I’ve heard that Kakao-talk, the messaging app, is really popular in Korea, so much so that there’s a new verb just for when you want to send a message through the app.
Kyejin: That’s right. We might say 카톡하다,
Matt: which means “I’ll send a message using Kakao-talk,”
Kyejin: instead of 문자하다, meaning “to text.”
Matt: Can you give us an example of talking about texting?
Kyejin: Sure. For example, you can say.. 집에 도착하면 문자를 보내줘요.
Matt: ..which means "When you arrive home, please text me." Okay, what's the next word?
Kyejin: 전화를 걸다
Matt: which means "make a telephone call."
Kyejin: The noun 전화 means "telephone," and the verb 걸다 means "to call by telephone."
Matt: But some people use a different verb, right?
Kyejin: That’s right. You can also use the verb 하다 meaning “to do” instead of 걸다, as in 전화를 하다, to mean “to make a telephone call.”
Matt: How do you say “to receive a phone call?”
Kyejin: When you receive a call, you can say 전화를 받다 using the verb 받다.
Matt: This verb means “to catch” or “to receive.” Can you give us an example using this word?
Kyejin: Sure. For example, you can say.. 사장님께 전화를 좀 걸어주세요
Matt: .. which means "Please make a call to the CEO." Okay, what's the next word?
Kyejin: It’s a very interesting expression - 전화를 씹다,
Matt: meaning "ignore a phone call." It’s actually a colloquial expression which literally means "to chew up a telephone call." Idiomatically, it means “to ignore” or “to pay no attention” to the object. When would you use this expression? Like if someone’s not answering the phone on purpose?
Kyejin: Right, then you could say 그 사람이 내 전화를 씹다.
Matt: which means “He ignored my phone call,” or literally, “He chewed up my phone call.”
Kyejin: The verb 씹다 can be used with other phrases to communicate a similar meaning, such as 문자를 씹다,
Matt: which means "to ignore a text message,"
Kyejin: or 말을 씹다 ,
Matt: which means "to ignore speech." Can you give us an example using this word?
Kyejin: Sure. For example, you can say.. 내 전화를 왜 씹었어?
Matt: .. which means "Why did you ignore my call?" Okay, now onto the grammar.

Lesson focus
Matt: In this lesson, you'll learn how to use the particles that mean “at least” or “if.”
Kyejin: In Korean, these are 라도, and -면. First, let’s take a look at the particle 라도.
Matt: This is a particle that can be translated as “at least,” “even if,” or “even if it’s just.” It’s attached to the end of a noun.
Kyejin: The usage is simple, just attach the particle -라도 to the end of the noun.
Matt: For example, if you want to say “at least juice” you can say..
Kyejin: 주스라도. You can use the noun 주스, meaning “juice,” and the particle “라도.”
Matt: This noun ends in a vowel, but when a noun ends in a consonant we need to use a different particle, right?
Kyejin: That’s right. When a noun ends in a consonant, you need to use the particle 이라도. It has the extra word 이, and the particle 라도.
Matt: For example?
Kyejin: If you want to say “at least water”, you can use the noun 물, which means “water” and ends in a consonant. In that case, it’s 이라도 as in 물이라도.
Matt: Can you give us some sample sentences?
Kyejin: Sure. For example, 전화번호라도 주세요.
Matt: “Please give me at least your phone number.”
Kyejin: I used the noun 전화번호 meaning “telephone number.” It ends in a vowel, so I used the particle 라도.
Matt: Okay. Then how do you say “Please give me at least your business card” using this particle?
Kyejin: 명함 is the Korean word meaning “business card” and it ends in a consonant. So, you need to put 이라도 here, as in 명함이라도 주세요.
Matt: “Please give me at least your business card.” Okay, now let’s take a look at the next particle.
Kyejin: Next we have 면.
Matt: Which means “if.”
Kyejin: We usually use 면 to mean “if.” It usually comes with the word 만약에, but you can omit that word if the main verb is conjugated using the particle 면.
Matt: Can you give us an example?
Kyejin: Sure. If you want to say “If you go..” in Korean, you can put this particle with the verb-stem. In Korean, 가다 is the verb meaning “to go” and its verb-stem is 가. So it will be 가면.
Matt: It can mean “If you go” or “If I go.”
Kyejin: That’s right. We usually add 만약에 with this particle as in 만약에 가면,
Matt: which also means “If I go” or “If you go.” But note that this particle only works when the verb-stem ends in a vowel. When a verb-stem ends in a consonant, you need to say..
Kyejin: 으면. For example, 찾으면. 찾다 is the verb meaning “to find” and 찾 is the verb-stem. It ends in a consonant, so you need to use the particle 으면.
Matt: “If you find out” in Korean is..?
Kyejin: 만약에 찾으면.. or you can just say 찾으면.
Matt: Great. Can you give us some sample sentences?
Kyejin: Sure. You can say.. 만약에 내일 비가 오면 뭐 할 거야?
Matt: "What will you do if it rains tomorrow?”
Kyeji: Here we have 오면. 오 is the verb-stem of the verb 오다 meaning “to come.” So 오면 means “If it comes” or, in context, “If rain comes.”
Matt: Good to know. Listeners, make sure to check out the lesson notes for more examples.

Outro
Matt: Well, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye!
Kyejin: 안녕히 계세요.

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