Learn how to use particles that mean "only"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Matt: Particles to Express "Only." Matt Here. |
| Kyejin: 안녕하세요. I'm Kyejin. In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use the particles that add the meaning of 'only'- 만, and 밖에. |
| Matt: This conversation takes place at a Chinese restaurant. |
| Kyejin: It’s between Jayoung and Suhyeok. Suhyeok is older than Jayoung, so he'll be using informal Korean while Jayoung uses formal Korean. |
| Matt: Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| 자영 - Kyejin |
| 수혁 - Jaehwi |
| 자영: 선배, 우리 짬뽕이랑 탕수육이랑 짜장면을 시킬까요? |
| 수혁: 나는 이천 원밖에 없는데 너는 얼마 있어? |
| 자영: 저도 이천 원밖에 없어요. 어떡해요? |
| 수혁: 그러면 하나만 시키자. 짜장면을 나눠 먹자. |
| 자영: 아.. 저 오늘은 진짜 짬뽕을 먹어보고 싶은데요.. |
| 수혁: 사천 원밖에 없는데 하나만 골라야지. 그럼 짬뽕을 시키자. |
| Matt: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| 자영: 선배, 우리 짬뽕이랑 탕수육이랑 짜장면을 시킬까요? |
| 수혁: 나는 이천 원밖에 없는데 너는 얼마 있어? |
| 자영: 저도 이천 원밖에 없어요. 어떡해요? |
| 수혁: 그러면 하나만 시키자. 짜장면을 나눠 먹자. |
| 자영: 아.. 저 오늘은 진짜 짬뽕을 먹어보고 싶은데요.. |
| 수혁: 사천 원밖에 없는데 하나만 골라야지. 그럼 짬봉을 시키자. |
| Matt: Listen to the conversation with the English translation |
| Jayoung: Seonbae, how about we order the Chinese-style spicy noodle soup, sweet and sour pork, and noodles with brown sauce? |
| Suhyeok: I’ve only got two thousand won though. How about you? |
| Jayoung: I only have two thousand won too. What should we do? |
| Suhyeok: Then let’s order just one. Let’s share a bowl of noodles with brown sauce. |
| Jayoung: Ah... I really wanted to try the Chinese-style spicy noodle soup today though. |
| Suhyeok: We’ll have to choose just one, we only have four thousand won. So, let's order Chinese-style spicy noodle soup. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Matt: Do you like Chinese food, Kyejin? |
| Kyejin: Yes, I do. In Korea, it’s really easy to find Chinese food. And if you live in Korea, you’ve already heard of the dishes named 짜장면 (jjajangmyeon) |
| Matt: Meaning “noodles with brown sauce” |
| Kyejin: 짬뽕 (jjamppong), |
| Matt: Chinese-style spicy noodle soup and.. |
| Kyejin: 탕수육 (tangsuyuk), |
| Matt: “sweet and sour pork.” In Korea, almost every town has at least one Chinese restaurant, where you can go to eat, or get the food delivered for free. If you have a smartphone, you can get applications that let you choose a restaurant near your home and select the menu that you want to get delivered. That sounds handy! |
| Kyejin: It is! And usually, you get the food within 20-30 minutes. You can pay for it through the application to the staff in cash. |
| Matt: This conversation is making me hungry! Let’s move on to the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Matt: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Kyejin: 짬뽕 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Chinese-style spicy noodle soup |
| Kyejin: 짬뽕[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 짬뽕 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 탕수육 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: sweet and sour pork |
| Kyejin: 탕수육[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 탕수육 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 짜장면 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: noodles with brown sauce |
| Kyejin: 짜장면[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 짜장면 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 시키다 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: to order |
| Kyejin: 시키다[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 시키다 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 나누다 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: to share, to divide, to split |
| Kyejin: 나누다[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 나누다 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 먹어보다 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: to taste, to sample |
| Kyejin: 먹어보다[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 먹어보다 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 고르다 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: to choose |
| Kyejin: 고르다[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 고르다 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Last we have.. |
| Kyejin: 어떡해요? [natural native speed] |
| Matt: what are we going to do, what should we do |
| Kyejin: 어떡해요?[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 어떡해요? [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Matt: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Kyejin: 먹어보다 |
| Matt: meaning “to taste” or literally "to try to eat” Kyejin, can you break this down? |
| Kyejin: Sure. 먹어보다 (meogeoboda) is comprised of the verbs 먹다 (meokda), which means "to eat," and 보다 (boda), which normally means “to see” in general. |
| Matt: But it means “to try” when it’s used with another verb. |
| Kyejin: That’s right. So all together, 먹어보다 (meogeoboda) literally means "to try to eat," or in other words "to taste” |
| Matt: When you want to ask someone to try what you’ve ordered or cooked, you can politely ask them to taste it by saying ... |
| Kyejin: 먹어보세요 (meogeoboseyo) |
| Matt: ...when it’s a formal situation. What about the informal situations? |
| Kyejin: For casual situations, such as when you’re asking your friends to taste something, you can say 먹어봐. (meogeobwa) |
| Matt: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Kyejin: Sure. For example, you can say.. 이 찌개를 먹어봐도 돼요? |
| Matt: : ..which means "May I try this stew?" |
| Matt: Okay, what's the next word? |
| Kyejin: 시키다 |
| Matt: meaning "to order”. It also means “to force" and "to cause something." This verb can take on various meanings depending on the context of a sentence. |
| Kyejin: When it’s used with food items, it means “to order the food.” |
| Matt: Can you give us an example? |
| Kyejin: Sure. For example, you can say.. 저는 김치찌개를 시킬 거예요. (jeoneun gimchijjigaereul sikil geoyeoyo.) when you are at a restaurant. |
| Matt: That means "I will order Kimchi stew." Here it takes on the meaning of "to order." This verb can be used to mean “to make someone do something”, right? |
| Kyejin: Yes. 시키다 (sikida) can also be used in the expression 운동을 시키다 (undong-eul sikida), which means "to make someone exercise." |
| Matt: In this example, the verb takes on the meaning of "to force” or “to cause." And the next word is..? |
| Kyejin: 나누다 |
| Matt: meaning “to share” or “to divide.” This verb literally means “to split” so it can be used to mean “to share” too. For example, if you want to say “Share and enjoy the snacks” to your kids or nephews, you can say.. |
| Kyejin: .. 과자를 나눠 먹어. (gwajareul nanwoseo meogeo.) 나눠 먹어 is the combined verb with the verb 나누다 meaning “to share” and 먹다 meaning “to eat.” All together 나눠 먹다 means “to share and eat.” |
| Matt: Good to know. Okay, now onto the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
| Matt: In this lesson, you'll learn how to use the particles that add the meaning of “only” |
| Kyejin: In Korean, they are - 만, 밖에. Let’s take a look at the first particle; which is 만. |
| Matt: This is a particle that expresses the meaning of "just" or "only." You can attach this particle to all nouns and some particles to add the meaning of “only.” |
| Kyejin: So if you want to describe something and add the meaning of "only" to the sentence, you add this particle to a noun, whether it's the subject or object of the sentence. |
| Matt: Can you give us an example, Kyejin? |
| Kyejin: Sure. When you want to say “only movies” you can add the particle 만 to the noun 영화 meaning “movies.” 영화만 |
| Matt: “Only movies.” |
| Kyejin: With this phrase, you can say.. 내 동생은 영화만 좋아하다. |
| Matt: meaning “My younger brother only likes movies.” |
| Kyejin: You can also use this particle with verbs. When that’s the case, you need to use another particle 기 with the verb-stem. 기 is the particle that normalizes a verb into a noun. |
| Matt: So how do you change the verb meaning “to play” into a noun meaning “playing”? |
| Kyjein: It’s simple. You only need to add the particle 기 to the verb-stem. 놀다 is the verb meaning “to play”. The verb-stem is 놀, and you can add the particle 기 to the verb-stem to make a noun meaning “playing.” |
| Matt: Okay. Then, you put the particle 만(man) right? |
| Kyejin: That’s right. So you get 놀기만 to mean “playing only.” |
| Matt: Can you make a sentence using the phrase? |
| Kyejin: Sure. You can say 이 학생은 놀기만 좋아해요. |
| Matt: It literally means “This student likes playing only.” |
| Kyejin: So the formation is simple. With verbs, you need to say the verb-stem, then the particle 기 which normalizes a verb into a noun, and the other particle 만 meaning “only.” |
| Matt: Okay. Now let’s move onto the next particle.. |
| Kyejin: It’s.. 밖에. |
| Matt: This is a word that literally means "outside," but it can also mean "besides" or "other than." Can you give us an example? |
| Kyejin: Sure. To mean “only this”, you can say 이것 만 using the particle 만. But you can also say 이것 밖에. It literally means “other than this.” So when you use it with another verb, the verb should have the opposite meaning. |
| Matt: So it’s like “We don’t eat anything but pork.” to mean “We only eat pork.” |
| Kyejin: That’s right. For example, you can say 이것만 있어요. to mean “I have only this” when I use the particle 만. But if I use the particle 밖에, I need to use the verb 없어요 which means “I don’t have” or “There is not.” as in 이것밖에 없어요. |
| Matt: It literally means “I don’t have anything but this.” but it’s the same as “I only have this.” |
| Kyejin: We use these two interchangeably, but if we really want to emphasize that that’s the only thing I have left, I’ll use 밖에. |
| Matt: Can you give us an example? How would you say “I only have two thousand won now.”? |
| Kyejin: With the particle 만, you can say 저는 지금 이천 원만 있어요. I used the verb 있어요. meaning “to have.” With 밖에, you can say 저는 지금 이천 원 밖에 없어요. Here, I used the verb 없어요. meaning “I don’t have.” |
| Matt: Okay. Listeners, make sure you check out the lesson notes for more examples and explanations. |
Outro |
| Matt: And that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Kyejin: 안녕히 계세요. |
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