Learn how to use the noun modifying particles
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Matt: Noun Modifying Particles. Matt Here. |
| Kyejin: 안녕하세요. And I'm Kyejin. |
| Matt: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use noun modifying particles. The conversation takes place at a market. |
| Kyejin: It's between a shopkeeper and a customer. |
| Matt: The speakers are not familiar with each other; so they’ll be using formal Korean. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 고객: 저기요, 이 빨간 옷이 얼마예요? |
| 가게 주인: 저기 있는 옷의 가격은 칠천 원이고 보라색 큰 옷은 오천 원입니다. |
| 고객: 그러면 저기 작은 초록색 옷은요? |
| 가게 주인: 여기 있는 초록색 옷은 삼천 원이고요. |
| 고객: 그렇군요. 그러면 저는 저 화려한 빨간 옷을 살게요. 미국에 있는 엄마에게 선물로 드릴 거예요. 조금 깍아주세요. |
| 가게 주인: 네, 그럼 500원씩 깍아드릴게요. 여기 있습니다. |
| Matt: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| 고객: 저기요, 이 빨간 옷이 얼마예요? |
| 가게 주인: 저기 있는 옷의 가격은 칠천 원이고 보라색 큰 옷은 오천 원입니다. |
| 고객: 그러면 저기 작은 초록색 옷은요? |
| 가게 주인: 여기 있는 초록색 옷은 삼천 원이고요. |
| 고객: 그렇군요. 그러면 저는 저 화려한 빨간 옷을 살게요. 미국에 있는 엄마에게 선물로 드릴 거예요. 조금 깍아주세요. |
| 가게 주인: 네, 그럼 500원씩 깍아드릴게요. 여기 있습니다. |
| Matt: Listen to the conversation with the English translation |
| Customer: Excuse me, how much is this red dress? |
| Shopkeeper: That one over there is seven thousand won and the big purple dress is five thousand won. |
| Customer: Then what about that small green dress? |
| Shopkeeper: The green dress here is three thousand won. |
| Customer: Okay, then I’ll purchase the fancy red dress. I'm going to give it to my mother who's in the U.S. Can you give us a little discount? |
| Shopkeeper: Okay. I'll give you 500 won off for each. Here you are. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Matt: Kyejin, Is haggling common in South Korea? |
| Keyjin: It’s pretty common in traditional markets known as 시장 (sijang). You can get up to 20 or 30 % off the original price if you are good at haggling. |
| Matt: I see. What’s a common phrase I can use to haggle with the shop owners to bring down the price? |
| Kyejin: One thing you could say is 깍아주세요. |
| Matt: which literally means “Cut down the price, please.” |
| Kyejin: This is a request to lower the original price. |
| Matt: Do you have any tips that our listeners need to know for haggling? For example, one of my friends told me that whenever he asks for discounts in the afternoon or morning he was always denied or shooed away. Then, he waited until later in the evening when shops begin to pack up and close, and finally could get a better price. |
| Kyejin: Yes, that’s a good tip. Since the stall holders are less likely to get new customers when its close to closing time, they will usually give you better price if you say 깍아주세요. |
| Matt: Hmm, so it seems like timing is very important when you’re haggling in Korea. Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Matt: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Kyejin: 저기요 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Excuse me. |
| Kyejin: 저기요[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 저기요 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 얼마예요 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: how much |
| Kyejin: 얼마예요[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 얼마예요 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 가격 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: price |
| Kyejin: 가격[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 가격 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 화려하다 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: to be fancy |
| Kyejin: 화려하다[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 화려하다 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 선물 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: present, gift |
| Kyejin: 선물[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 선물 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 조금 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: a little bit, a bit |
| Kyejin: 조금[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 조금 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 깎아주다 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: to cut, to peel, to give discount |
| Kyejin: 깎아주다[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 깎아주다 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 씩 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: by (ones, twos, threes) |
| Kyejin: 씩[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 씩 [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Matt: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Kyejin: 저기요 |
| Matt: meaning "excuse me" This word literally translates as "there," but its meaning is always understood as "Excuse me.” |
| Kyejin: We use 저기요 (jeogiyo) to get a person’s attention. |
| Matt: Although this phrase means “excuse me”, you cannot use it to excuse yourself for a mistake or impoliteness. You can only use it to attract the attention of others. |
| Kyejin: That’s right. You use it often at a restaurant. When you need more side dishes, you can raise your hand and say 저기요. |
| Matt: And sometimes, people use a different phrase to call over restaurant staff. |
| Kyejin: That’s also true. One of the popular ones is 이모. |
| Matt: which means "aunt",. |
| Kyejin: We use this noun toward female staff working at a restaurant when they are in their 30s or older. Since that’s how you say “aunt”, it sounds more friendly. |
| Matt: But you can use this phrase in any place, not just at a restaurant, when you’re trying to get someone’s attention, right? |
| Kyejin: Yes. For example, you can say.. 저기요. 저 창문을 좀 열어주시겠어요? |
| Matt: ..which means "Excuse me. Could you please open that window?" |
| Matt: Okay, what's the next word? |
| Kyejin: 씩 |
| Matt: Which means "by” as in “by ones”, “by twos” and “by threes.” This word can be used primarily to identify the distribution of counters and numbers. You can use it with a counter such as ... |
| Kyejin: 개 (gae) |
| Matt: The counter for things, or ... |
| Kyejin: 명 (myeong). |
| Matt: The counter for people. Can you give us an example? |
| Kyejin: Sure. For example, you can say 두 개씩 (du gaessik) to mean “two by two” as in 포도를 두 개씩 먹어요. (podoreul dugaessik meogeoyo) |
| Matt: which means "I eat grapes two by two." |
| Kyejin: And in the sentence, I used the word 개 (gae), which is the counter for inanimate objects. |
| Matt: And.. how would you say "The students came out one by one." using this word? |
| Kyejin: That’s simple. 한 명 is the word meaning “one person” so you can put this word 씩 next to that as in 한 명씩. So the sentence will be 학생들은 한 명씩 나왔다. |
| Matt: Okay, now onto the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Matt: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use noun modifying particles. |
| Kyejin: In Korean, the particle 은 or just ㄴ (니은) at a batchim position works like modifying particles. |
| Matt: With the particles, you can make a descriptive verb into an adjective using one of them. Okay. Let’s take a look how they work. |
| Kyejin: These particles can be used with verbs. When a verb ends in a consonant, you can use the particle 은 next to the verb-stem. |
| Matt: Can you give us an example? |
| Kyejin: Sure. 작다 is the descriptive verb meaning “to be small.” Let’s make it into an adjective so that we can say “a small dress” in Korean. |
| Matt: First, we need to take out a verb-stem out of the verb, right? |
| Kyejin: Yes. 작 is the verb-stem of the verb. It ends in a consonant, so you can use the modifying particle 은. |
| Matt: So it becomes.. |
| Kyejin: 작은.. |
| Matt: “Small” is an adjective. This adjective should always be used with a noun. |
| Kyejin: That’s right. 옷 is the word meaning “clothes” or “dress” in Korean, so you can say 작은 옷 to mean “a small dress.” |
| Matt: It’s easy to use. How would you say “a big dress” then? |
| Kyejin: 크다 is the descriptive verb meaning “to be big.” The verb-stem is 크-. You can see it ends in a vowel, so you need to use the consonant ㄴ (니은) as a modifying particle. |
| Matt: So it becomes.. |
| Kyejin: 큰. I added the consonant ㄴ (니은) below the verb-stem 크. 크 plus the consonant ㄴ(니은) becomes 큰, |
| Matt: which is an adjective meaning “big.” |
| Kyejin: Here, you can put the word 옷 meaning “dress” and it becomes 큰 옷. |
| Matt: meaning “ a big dress.” |
| Kyejin: And when the other speaker knows what you’re talking about, you can use the word 것 or 거. |
| Matt: These are like “a thing” in Korean. |
| Kyejin: That’s right. Instead of saying 작은 옷 meaning “small dress”, you can also say 작은 것 or 작은 거 to talk about the same thing. |
| Matt: It literally means “a small thing” but it’s okay to use it when the other person knows what you’re talking about. |
| Kyejin: Before we close the lesson, I’d like to tell the listeners that you can only use this with descriptive verbs. |
| Matt: Which are not about actions, but something like “beautiful”, “small” and “big.” |
| Kyejin: That’s right. And in the last lesson, you’ll learn how we can use the particle 는 and the noun 것 with action verbs to normalize verbs. |
Outro |
| Matt: Well, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Kyejin: 안녕히 계세요. |
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