Learn how to use the linking particles
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Matt: Linking Particles. Matt Here. |
| Kyejin: 안녕하세요. I'm Kyejin. |
| Matt: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use linking particles. The conversation takes place at a doctor's office. |
| Kyejin: It's between a medical physician and a patient. |
| Matt: The speakers are not familiar with each other; so they’ll be using formal Korean. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 의사: 오늘 병원에 왜 오셨습니까? 어디가 아프세요? |
| 환자: 배하고 머리가 몹시 아파요. |
| 의사: 그렇군요. 요즘에 두통이나 복통이 있는 사람들이 많이 있어요. 많이 아프세요? |
| 환자: 네, 그리고 왠지 눈도 아파요. |
| 의사: 흠.. 배와 눈과 머리가 많이 아프면 검사를 받는 것이 좋습니다. |
| 환자: 그래요? 그러면 제가 약을 먹거나 주사를 맞아야 해요? |
| 의사: 일단 검사부터 합시다. |
| Matt: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| 의사: 오늘 병원에 왜 오셨습니까? 어디가 아프세요? |
| 환자: 배하고 머리가 몹시 아파요. |
| 의사: 그렇군요. 요즘에 두통이나 복통이 있는 사람들이 많이 있어요. 많이 아프세요? |
| 환자: 네, 그리고 왠지 눈도 아파요. |
| 의사: 흠.. 배와 눈과 머리가 많이 아프면 검사를 받는 것이 좋습니다. |
| 환자: 그래요? 그러면 제가 약을 먹거나 주사를 맞아야 해요? |
| 의사: 일단 검사부터 합시다. |
| Matt: Listen to the conversation with the English translation |
| Doctor: What brings you to the hospital today? Are you sick? |
| Patient: My stomach and head hurt terribly. |
| Doctor: Is that so? Recently many people have been suffering from head or stomach aches. Is it particularly painful? |
| Patient: Yes, for some reason my eyes hurt as well. |
| Doctor: Hmm... if you’re experiencing pain in your stomach, head, and eyes, a medical examination would be best. |
| Patient: Really? Then will I have to take medicine or get a shot? |
| Doctor: Let’s start with the examination and go from there. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Matt: Since we’re talking about medicine, it seems like Koreans also use herbal remedies or cook and eat special foods when they’re sick. |
| Kyejin: That’s right. One of the most well-known ones is Korean ginseng, 인삼 (Insam). |
| Matt: I’ve heard that Korean ginseng can prevent certain types of cancer. Do you think that’s true? |
| Kyejin: Probably. Many Korean people buy Ginseng capsules or Ginseng tea, and take it every day so that they can prevent themselves from getting cancers. |
| Matt: There are also candies made with Korean ginseng, right? |
| Kyejin: Ah yes, if you’re in Korea, you’ll very often be approached by older people and offered ginseng candy. |
| Matt: Wow, what do those taste like? |
| Kyejin: The taste of the candy itself is rather bland, but I’ve learned a lot about ginseng’s health benefits because of this. I’m not sure if they have real Ginseng inside, but some people believe that even just eating Ginseng-flavored candies will make them healthy! |
| Matt: Good to know. Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Matt: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Kyejin: 몹시 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: terribly, severely |
| Kyejin: 몹시[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 몹시 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 병원 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: hospital |
| Kyejin: 병원[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 병원 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 머리 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: head |
| Kyejin: 머리[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 머리 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 배 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: stomach, belly |
| Kyejin: 배[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 배 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 두통 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: migraine, headache |
| Kyejin: 두통[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 두통 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 복통 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: stomach ache |
| Kyejin: 복통[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 복통 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 검사 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: inspection, test, check |
| Kyejin: 검사[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 검사 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 약 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: medicine, drug |
| Kyejin: 약[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 약 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 가끔 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: sometimes |
| Kyejin: 가끔[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 가끔 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 왠지 [natural native speed] |
| Matt: somehow, somewhat, for some reason |
| Kyejin: 왠지[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 왠지 [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Matt: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Kyejin: 복통 |
| Matt: meaning "stomach ache" Can you break this word down Kyejin? |
| Kyejin: Sure. The word 복 (bok) originates from the Chinese character meaning “stomach," and the word 통 (tong) is derived from the Chinese character meaning “pain” or “agony.” |
| Matt: Since the second word means “pain”, you often find this in other words that are related to some type of pain. |
| Kyejin: Right. For example, 치통 (chitong) is the word meaning “toothache.” It has 치 (chi) meaning “teeth” and 통 (tong) again refers to “pain”, to create the term “toothache.” |
| Matt: The same structure is used for the word meaning “headache.” |
| Kyejin: That’s right. 두통 is the word meaning “headache.” It has 두 (du) referring to the head and is used in combination with 통 (tong) to create the word “headache”. |
| Matt: Good to know. Can you give us an example using the word meaning “stomach ache”? |
| Kyejin: Sure. For example, you can say.. 혹시 복통 치료법을 알고 있어요? |
| Matt: ..which means "Do you by chance know any treatments for stomach aches?" Okay, what's the next word? |
| Kyejin: 왠지 |
| Matt: meaning "somehow, somewhat, for some reason" This adverb can be placed anywhere within a sentence except for the end. Usually it works with a negative verb. |
| Kyejin: That’s right. Such as 하기 싫다 |
| Matt: which means “don’t want to do [something]” |
| Kyejin: With the verb and the adverb 왠지, you can say 왠지 운동 하기 싫다 |
| Matt: “I don’t want to work out somehow.” People sometimes use this adverb when they reject someone’s idea or suggestion without a specific reason, right? |
| Kyejin: Yes. When you don’t want to do something but you have no specific reason, you simply say.. 왠지.. |
| Matt: For example, if I ask you.. “Do you want to go out for a walk?” |
| Kyejin: ...I might say 왠지.. if I don’t want to but for no reason. |
| Matt: Okay, can you give us an example using this word? |
| Kyejin: Sure. For example, you can say.. 오늘은 왠지 김치를 먹기 싫어요. |
| Matt: .. which means "For some reason I don't feel like eating Kimchi today." Okay, now onto the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Matt: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use the linking particles. |
| Kyejin: In Korean, we have the particles 와, 과, 고, 나, 이나, and 도 for this group. Let’s take a look at them one by one. First we have.. 와 (wa) and 과 (gwa.) |
| Matt: You can use these particles to link nouns. They can be translated as "with," or "and," and you can judge which one it is from the context. |
| Kyejin: This particle is interchangeable with -하고 (-hago) and -(이)랑 [-(i)rang], and we consider the particles 와 and 과 to be formal. |
| Matt: That’s why you can find these particles more in written Korean than spoken Korean. So Kyejin, what’s the difference between these two particles? |
| Kyejin: Like other particles such as 이 and 가, you need to choose one of them after checking if a linking noun ends in a consonant or vowel. We use -와 (wa) when the noun ends in a vowel, or -과 (gwa) when the noun ends in a consonant. |
| Matt: Can you give us an example? |
| Kyejin: Sure. 영화와 현실은 달라요. |
| Matt: "Movies and reality are different." |
| Kyejin: 영화 is the word meaning “Movies” and the noun ends in a vowel. So I can use the linking particle 와 as in 영화와. 현실 is the word meaning “reality” and it ends in a consonant, so you can use 과 if you want to use a linking particle with the noun. |
| Matt: Good to know. Okay, what’s the next particle? |
| Kyejin: Next we have.. 고 (go) |
| Matt: This particle can be used to link two or more verbs, phrases, or sentences in one sentence. |
| Kyejin: It’s simple to use. You can just put this particle 고 next to the verb-stem. |
| Matt: Can you give us an example? How do you say “I study, exercise, and go home every day.” in Korean using this particle? |
| Kyejin: Okay. First to say “I study”, you can use the verb 공부하다. Since there are other verbs after that and you want to link them to each other, you can put the particle 고 next to the verb-stem 공부하-. So it’s 공부하고. |
| Matt: Which literally means “study and..” What about the next two verbs? |
| Kyejin: Unlike English, you need to put the particle for every verb, except for the last one when you want to link them. |
| Matt: That’s why we used the particle for this first verb. Okay, what about the next one? |
| Kyejin: The next verb in the sentence is “to exercise” which is 운동하다 in Korean. Since we have another one to link, after this verb, you can add the particle 고 to the verb-stem 운동하-. to mean “exercise and..” |
| Matt: So far, we made.. |
| Kyejin: 공부하고 운동하고.. |
| Matt: meaning “study and exercise and..” |
| Kyejin: Then we have the last verb, which is 집에 가다 meaning “to go home.” Since it’s the last verb, you don’t need to add the particle 고 to the verb-stem. |
| Matt: And we need to have the pronoun and the word meaning “every day”, right? |
| Kyejin: Yes, so all together, you can say 나는 매일 공부하고, 운동하고 집에 가다. |
| Matt: to mean “Every day I study, exercise and go home.” Okay, what are the next particles? |
| Kyejin: Next we have.. 나 and 이나. |
| Matt: Both mean “or”. |
| Kyejin: These can be used the same way you use 와 (wa) and 과 (gwa). When a noun ends in a vowel, you need to use the particle 나. Or you can use 이나. |
| Matt: Can you give us an example..? |
| Kyejin: 한국어나 영어 |
| Matt: Which means “Korean or English.” |
| Kyejin: In this example, I used 나 because 한국어 ends in a vowel. If it was another noun such as 책 meaning “book”, I’d say 책이나 영어. |
| Matt: “Book or English” Okay, now we have the last linking particle, which is.. |
| Kyejin: 도. |
| Matt: This particle is attached directly to the noun it is modifying. This is similar to the English words "too" and "also." For example.. |
| Kyejin: 저도 학생입니다. |
| Matt: “I’m also a student.” |
| Kyejin: 나도 |
| Matt: “Me too.” Okay listeners, make sure to check the lesson notes for more examples and explanations. |
Outro |
| Matt: Well, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Kyejin: 안녕히 계세요. |
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