Learn how to use possessive and directional particles
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Brandon: Possessive and Directional Particles. Brandon here! |
| Kyejin: 안녕하세요. I'm Kyejin. |
| Brandon: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use possessive particles and directional particles. The conversation takes place in the classroom. |
| Kyejin: It’s between a professor and a student. |
| Brandon: The speakers are in an academic setting. The professor will be using informal Korean, and the student will speak formally. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| 교수: 제주도 해녀들은 맨손으로 해산물을 채취한다. |
| 학생: 제주도의 해녀들은 기계로 채취를 안 하고 손으로만 채취합니까? |
| 교수: 맞아. 제주도의 많은 특징 중 하나다. |
| 학생: 제주도의 특징 중에 또 다른 것이 있습니까? |
| 교수: 제주도 주민들은 말 할 때 사투리로 말한다. |
| 학생: 아… 대한민국의 언어는 아주 독특하네요! |
| Brandon: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| 교수: 제주도 해녀들은 맨손으로 해산물을 채취한다. |
| 학생: 제주도의 해녀들은 기계로 채취를 안 하고 손으로만 채취합니까? |
| 교수: 맞아. 제주도의 많은 특징 중 하나다. |
| 학생: 제주도의 특징 중에 또 다른 것이 있습니까? |
| 교수: 제주도 주민들은 말 할 때 사투리로 말한다. |
| 학생: 아… 대한민국의 언어는 아주 독특하네요! |
| Brandon: Listen to the conversation with English translation |
| 교수: 제주도 해녀들은 맨손으로 해산물을 채취한다. |
| Professor: The female divers of Jeju Island gather seafood using their bare hands. |
| 학생: 제주도의 해녀들은 기계로 채취를 안 하고 손으로만 채취합니까? |
| Student: They take seafood not using machines, but only their hands? |
| 교수: 맞아. 제주도의 많은 특징 중 하나다. |
| Professor: Correct. It's one of Jeju Island’s many unique features. |
| 학생: 제주도의 특징 중에 또 다른 것이 있습니까? |
| Student: What are some of Jeju Island’s other unique features? |
| 교수: 제주도 주민들은 말 할 때 사투리로 말한다. |
| Professor: The citizens of Jeju Island speak using a unique dialect. |
| 학생: 아… 대한민국의 언어는 아주 독특하네요! |
| Student: Wow... the Korean language is quite unique! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Brandon: Kyejin, what’s so special about these divers from Jeju Island? |
| Kyejin: Well, they dive into the ocean without equipment and collect seafood using only their bare hands. |
| Brandon: No equipment? Wow! |
| Kyejin: Yes, and it’s real diving. On average, they dive as deep as five or ten meters for around 40-60 seconds and hold their breath the whole time. |
| Brandon: And there’s a special name for them, right? |
| Kyejin: Yes, in Korean, we call them 해녀 which means “women of sea.” |
| Brandon: If you get a chance to visit Jeju Island, listeners, you’ll be able to see the female divers of Jeju Island. |
| Kyejin: You should definitely check it out! |
| Brandon: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Brandon: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Kyejin: 제주도 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Jeju Island |
| Kyejin: 제주도 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 제주도 [natural native speed] |
| Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 해녀 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: woman diver |
| Kyejin: 해녀 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 해녀 [natural native speed] |
| Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 맨손 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: bare-handed, empty-handed |
| Kyejin: 맨손 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 맨손 [natural native speed] |
| Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 해산물 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: seafood, marine produce |
| Kyejin: 해산물 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 해산물 [natural native speed] |
| Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 채취하다 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to pick, to gather, to collect |
| Kyejin: 채취하다 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 채취하다 [natural native speed] |
| Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 특징 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: characteristic, feature, character |
| Kyejin: 특징 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 특징 [natural native speed] |
| Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 사투리 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: regional dialect |
| Kyejin: 사투리 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 사투리 [natural native speed] |
| Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 독특하다 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: peculiar, unique |
| Kyejin: 독특하다 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 독특하다 [natural native speed] |
| Next we have.. |
| Kyejin: 언어 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: language |
| Kyejin: 언어 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 언어 [natural native speed] |
| Last we have.. |
| Kyejin: 주민 [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: resident, inhabitant, citizen |
| Kyejin: 주민 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Kyejin: 주민 [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Brandon: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Kyejin: 맨손 (maen son) |
| Brandon: Which means "bare-handed,” or “empty-handed" |
| Kyejin: 맨손 is composed of the words 맨 and 손. 맨 (maen) translates into English as "bare/bald", while 손 (son) simply means "hand." |
| Brandon: When combined, they create the word meaning “bare hands.” This word is interchangeable with other nouns, right? |
| Kyejin: Yes. You can use it with the nouns such as 발 |
| Brandon: meaning “feet” |
| Kyejin: and 몸 |
| Brandon: meaning “body”. |
| Kyejin: When combined with these nouns, we get the phrases 맨 발 (maen bal) meaning "bare feet" and 맨몸 (maen mom) meaning "naked." |
| Brandon: Idiomatically, this word can be used when someone has achieved something mainly through his/her efforts. For example, you can say.. |
| Kyejin: .. 그 사람은 맨손으로 큰 회사를 만들었다. |
| Brandon: .. which literally means "He has built up this big company with his bare hands." |
| Kyejin: And next we have.. 사투리 (saturi) |
| Brandon: meaning.. "regional dialect" |
| Kyejin: 사투리 is used to refer to any dialects outside of Korea's 표준어 (pyojuneo) or standard Korean language which is derived from the way people in Seoul speak. |
| Brandon: What regional dialects are there in Korea? |
| Kyejin: Well.. almost every province or city has its own dialect, so you might hear words like 충청도 사투리 meaning Chungcheong-do dialect, or 경상도 사투리 meaning “Gyeongsang-do Dialect.” 경상도 사투리 (gyeongsang-do saturi) is known for its strong intonation and 충정도 사투리 (chungcheong saturi) is known for its slow speed. |
| Brandon: And the Island of Jeju has the most unique dialect in South Korea, right? |
| Kyejin: That’s right. Since it's an island far away from Korean peninsula, it has developed its own words and expressions, such as 혼저옵서예 (honjeo-opseoye) meaning "welcome." In standard Korean, you can say 어서오세요 (eoseo-oseyo) to mean "welcome." |
| Brandon: That’s interesting! Okay, now onto the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
| Brandon: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use the possessive particle and the directional particles. |
| Kyejin: First, let’s look at the possessive particle 의 (ui). |
| Brandon: You use the possessive particle to indicate possession, or relationship, and it is similar to the English "of" or “apostrophe s” as in “Mike’s bag.” |
| Kyejin: If you want to say “Mike’s bag”, you can put the possessive particle 의 between two objects. So it will be 마이크의 가방. 마이크 is the one who possess something, and 가방 is his or her possession. You can put the particle 의 between them. |
| Brandon: Can you give us an example? |
| Kyejin: Sure. 마이크의 엄마는 선생님입니다. |
| Brandon: Which means “Mike's mother is a teacher.” |
| Kyejin: In this sentence, the particle is used between 마이크 and 엄마 meaning “mother” to mean “Mike’s mother.” |
| Brandon: Okay. Let’s have another example. |
| Kyejin: When you want to say “a girlfriend of mine,” you can switch the order, and put the particle 의 in between. 내 is the pronoun meaning “my” and 여자친구 is the noun meaning “girlfriend.” You can put the possessive particle 의 between to say 나의 여자친구 meaning literally “a girlfriend of mine” or “My girlfriend.” |
| Brandon: But in reality, possessive pronouns are a contraction of pronouns and the possessive particle. |
| Kyejin: That’s right. For example, the first person humble pronoun 저 and the possessive particle 의 can be shortened as 제. Therefore, people usually say 제 여자친구 to mean “My girlfriend” instead of 저의 여자친구. |
| Brandon: And it’s the same for most of the pronouns, right? |
| Kyejin: That’s right. The informal first person pronoun 나 and possessive particle 의 can be said as 내. |
| Brandon: So “my bag” in Korean will be.. |
| Kyejn: 내 가방. You can definitely say 나의 가방 too using the possessive particle, but it sounds more natural in Korean if you say 내. |
| Brandon: Listeners, make sure you check the lesson notes. You’ll find information on how each pronoun can be shortened when it is added to this possessive particle, as well as more examples for each case. Okay, now let’s move to the directional particles. |
| Kyejin: In Korean, we have two directional particles. -로 (-ro) and -으로 (euro). |
| Brandon: Both mean "by" or "using," which you use to talk about tools, instruments, and methods that you use to do something. You often use it when you’re talking about modes of transportation. Kyejin, how do you know which of these two to use? |
| Kyejin: Well, the directional particle 로 (-ro) can be used when the noun ends with a vowel. For example, 자전거로 |
| Brandon: "by bicycle" |
| Kyejin: The noun 자전거 ends with a vowel ㅓ, so you can use the particle 로. |
| Brandon: Okay. But when the noun ends with a consonant, you need to use the other one, right? |
| Kyejin: Yes. In that case, you need to use the particle 으로. For example, 젓가락으로 |
| Brandon: "with chopsticks" |
| Kyeijn: 젓가락 ends in a consonant, so you need to use the particle 으로. |
| Brandon: But there’s an exception for this rule, right? |
| Kyejin: That’s right. If the consonant is 리을, pronounced with an L sound like 을, then, you have to use -로 (-ro) instead of -으로 (-euro). For example.. 지하철로 |
| Brandon: “by subway.” |
| Kyejin: The noun 지하철 ends with a consonant ㄹ so that’s why you need to choose 로 (ro) not 으로 (euro). |
Outro |
| Brandon: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Kyejin: 안녕히 계세요. |
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