Learn about the categories of double final consonants
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| 안녕하세요 여러분. Koreanclass101.com 하나하나 한글시리즈의 에이미입니다. Hi, everybody! I’m Amy and welcome to Hana Hana Hangul on KoreanClass101.com - The fastest, easiest, and most fun way to learn Hangul, the Korean alphabet. |
| In the last lesson, we looked at some rules that change the sound of Hangul characters. In this lesson, we’ll discuss what happens when you have not one, but two consonants in the 받침(bat-chim). |
| That’s right, some syllables in Korean have as many as four different characters inside it. We can group the double consonants into two categories. |
| The first category is where the same consonant is repeated. We saw how this happens in the initial position back in lesson ten, but in this lesson, we’ll look at them in the bat-chim position. |
| The second category are two different consonants. This is unique to the 받침(bat-chim) position. |
| First, we’ll look at the repeated consonants. We’ve already covered what you need to do with these. Do you remember? You don’t even need to pronounce it as a doubled consonant. For example, you could ignore the second ㄱ in this word. 밖. |
| Don’t forget about the batchim rules you just finished learning about! If the following syllable begins with ㅇ(이응), then the consonant in the bat-chim position would replace it. In the case of doubled consonants, both will move to the next character. |
| This sentence means “It’s delicious!” How would you pronounce it? It’s not [mas-iss-eo-yo], it’s [ma-si-sseo-yo] |
| Next, we need to look at situations where there are two different consonants in the bat-chim position. Not all the consonants can be combined in this position. In fact, there are only 11 possible combinations, and some of these are very uncommon. |
| The way you pronounce these depends on the *following* character. Namely, if it begins with a consonant or a vowel sound. |
| If the following character begins with a consonant, or there is no following character, you would pronounce these two consonants as just one consonant. And these 11 combinations are pronounced one of only five ways. With the exceptions of these three, you can just use the first consonant. The other ones use the last consonant |
| Here are a few examples. Don’t forget about the bat-chim rules you learned in the last few lessons! |
| 읽다 - to read |
| 없다 - to not have |
| 넓다 - to be wide |
| 젊다 - to be young |
| 앉다 - to sit |
| If the following syllable begins with a *vowel sound*, you will split up the double consonants across the syllables. In all cases, only the last consonant will jump over. |
| 읽어요. - I read |
| 없어요. - I don’t have. |
| 넓어요. - It’s wide. |
| 젊어요. - I am young. |
| 앉아요. - Please sit down. |
| Do you miss vowels yet? Well, you can relax, because not only are we done with consonants, but we’re returning to vowels in the next lesson! It’s the home stretch, so I’ll see you in the next lesson of Hana Hana Hangul. 여러분 다음에 만나요! |
Comments
HideHello Jonathan,
I appreciate your post. You've made an excellent point regarding Fortis. Although Lesson 13 (Leition and Fortis) only mentions specific scenarios, there are other circumstances where Fortis occurs. For instance, when batchim ‘ㄴ(ㄵ), ㅁ(ㄻ)’ comes before 'ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ', 'ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ' gets doubled. However, this rule applies only to verb stems where 'ㄴ(ㄵ), ㅁ(ㄻ)' is the final consonant. It is important to note that this doubling only happens when the word is a conjugated version of a verb. This grammatical term can be quite challenging for beginners, especially those who are still learning Hangul, which is why it was not included in Lesson 13.
Enjoy your study and feel free to let us know if you have any inquiries!
Kind regards,
Hyeon Yeong Seo
Team KoreanClass101.com
I think I have a good way of remembering the pronunciation for the 11 combinations of characters followed by a consonant / nothing:
1. There are only five ways to pronounce a double consonant bat-chim: ㄱ, ㅂ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㄴ. If this character is paired with another not in these five, then pronounce the double consonant as whatever one is in these five. E.g., ㄵ is pronounced ㄴ, since ㄴ is in those five but ㅈ is not.
2. When both characters are one of ㄱ, ㅂ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㄴ, and one of them is ㄹ, pronounce the double as the one that is not ㄹ. (These are the exception ones). E.g., ㄻ is pronounced ㅁ.
Is this accurate?Thanks!
Hello!
I am confused about this comment:
> It's because of this rule:
> When batchim ‘ㄴ(ㄵ), ㅁ(ㄻ)’ comes before 'ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ', 'ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ' gets doubled.
In the lesson Bat-chim Rules 1, the rule for Fortis only mentioned the following two scenarios:
1. The bat-chim and following initial make the same sound
2. ㄷ, ㅂ, or ㄱ in bat-chim, then double following initial if it can be doubled
I did not see any mention of bat-chim ㅁ in that lesson. In what lesson and where (timestamp) was that mentioned? Thanks!
Hello Katrina Edwards,
Thank you for your valuable feedback.
As you said, 넓다 should be pronounced as [널따] and 읽다 as [익따].
We apologize for the confusion caused by this. We will fix it as soon as possible.
Enjoy your study and feel free to let us know if you have any inquiries!
Kind regards,
Hyeon Yeong Seo
Team KoreanClass101.com
This lesson is the I've struggled with most, and I think the problem is in part errors in the voice files and lesson notes. In particular:
1. the romanisation given for wide is neolda, and the sound file provided also reflects this. But the notes say this is one of the exceptions where the second consonant is pronounced not the first, hence it should be pronounced neopda.
2. Similar issue for to read, but the issue here is only for the sound file, which sounds like ilta not ikta.
The lesson notes are also labelled as 16, but in fact should be 14...
Hello David,
Thanks for posting.
It's because of this rule:
When batchim ‘ㄴ(ㄵ), ㅁ(ㄻ)’ comes before 'ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ', 'ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ' gets doubled.
앉다 [안따]
젊다 [점따]
닮고 [담꼬]
앉지 [안찌]
Hope you find this helpful.
Feel free to let us know if you have any inquiries!
Kind regards,
Hyeon Yeong Seo
Team KoreanClass101.com
Hi,
Why is ㄷ also doubled "따" as such: 젊다 --> 점따? (Also "따" doubled here "앉다". I understand why 읽다 is doubled like this 익따 because according to the Fortis rule, ㄱ in the bat-chim doubles the following if it can be doubled which is the case with ㄷ. But I can't find the reasoning/explanation as to why 젊다 and 앉다 causes ㄷ to double "따". Can you please help me understand?
Thanks!
David
Hello Nina Ricci,
Are you referring to 맏이? It should sound like [maji].
Enjoy your study and feel free to let us know if you have any inquiries!
Kind regards,
Hyeon Yeong Seo
Team KoreanClass101.com
Hello,
I just need some clarification about this word 앋이, how do you pronounce it? Is it Maji, Mati, or Machi?
Thanks!
Hello Tekia,
Thanks for posting.
When the consonants 'ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅅ, ㅈ' comes after batchim ㄱ, ㄷ and ㅂ, it should be doubled.
읽다 -> (ㄺ only takes 'ㄱ' sound, so it becomes) 익다 -> (applying above rule, it becomes) => 익따
Hope you find this helpful.
Feel free to let us know if you have any inquiries!
Kind regards,
Hyeon Yeong Seo
Team KoreanClass101.com
I am still confused. Why in each example of the first group(읽다, 읽다, 읽다, 읽다) is the following initial character doubled? I was trying to use the batchim rules but did not see any reason the following character would be doubled. And When she pronounced 읽다 "to read" It sounded like she used ㄹ sound when the rule showed to used the ㄱ sound. Help please 😮
Hello Rowena Daniels,
I'm glad to hear that!
Enjoy your study and feel free to let us know if you have any inquiries!
Kind regards,
Hyeon Yeong Seo
Team KoreanClass101.com
Wow! This lesson was a bit difficult although towards the end I was getting it. Just need to practice. Loving the whole experience.👍😉
안녕,
Thank you for clearing up the confusion.
Hello Lamia,
Thank you for posting.
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Lena
Team KoreanClass101.com
Hi
This video and the. Ones after are not opening so I don't know what to do.
Hi Christina,
Thanks for posting. Double batchims are difficult, not just for foreigners learning Korean, but for Native Koreans as well, so the best way is to remember the rules. And according to the National Institute of the Korean Language, the double batchim ㄼ has to be pronounced as ㄹ, and in the case of derived words or compound words, you will have to pronounce it as ㅂ, so please try to remember it as such.
Cheers,
Lyn
Team KoreanClass101.com
Why is the “ㄹ” pronounces in the batchim position of the word “ 넓다 “ if “ ㅂ” is supposed to cancel it out when combined as a double consonant bat-chim.
Hi Amir,
Thanks for posting. In the following lessons (on batchims), you'll be able to find out the grammatical rules behind the pronunciation, so please continue to study the series! Just one thing, batchim rules exist to make pronunciation easier. If you read the words really quickly, you'll notice that they actually sound like 점따.
Cheers,
Lyn
Team KoreanClass101.com
hey
i dont get why 젊다 is pronounced with a doubled 다 ? (double T)
thanks