Learn about -이/기/리/히, which means "passive voice"
Now Playing: Lesson Audio
Get a breakdown of the dialogue and translations instantly with the Premium line-by-line Audio. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Get this lesson’s key vocab, their translations and pronunciations. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Unlock Lesson Notes and Transcripts for every single lesson. Sign Up for a Free Lifetime Account and Get 7 Days of Premium Access.
| INTRODUCTION |
| Minkyong: 안녕하세요. 민경입니다. (Annyeonghaseyo. Mingyeongimnida.) |
| Keith: Keith her. The Spoiled Brat. |
| Keith: Hello, and welcome to the Beginner Series Season 3 at KoreanClass101.com, where we study modern Korean in a fun, educational format! |
| Minkyong: So, brush up on the Korean that you started learning long ago or start learning today. |
| Keith: Thanks for being here with us for this lesson. Minkyong, what’s going on? What are we looking at in this lesson? |
| 민경: In this lesson, you will learn about the passive tense. |
| Keith: And this is almost an Intermediate grammar point! So our listeners are definitely moving up! Tackling some more difficult grammar. So what should the listeners be listening in for? |
| 민경: Some words like 보이다. And 잡히다. |
| Keith: To be seen and to be caught. Alright, so who's this conversation between? |
| 민경: 엄마랑 아들이요. A mother and her son, and they're talking at home, while the son is watching TV. 아들이 텔레비젼을 보고 있어요. |
| Keith: And the son is... kind of polite, not really-- Well, you'll see in the lesson, but he'll be speaking polite Korean. |
| 민경: 존댓말. |
| Keith: And the mom is, well, the mom. So parents always use informal language with their kids. |
| 민경: 반말. |
| Keith: So, let's listen to the conversation. |
| Minkyong: 들어봅시다. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 엄마: 병호야. 과일 먹자. |
| 병호: 엄마! 텔레비전 안 보이잖아요. 옆으로 비켜요. |
| 엄마: 어.어. 그래. 알았어. 과일 먹자. 응? |
| 병호: 지금 텔레비전 보잖아요. 나중에 먹을게요. |
| 엄마: 그래... |
| 병호: 엄마, 저기 파리!! 파리 좀 잡아 주세요. |
| 엄마: 어? 어디? 그래! 안 잡혀... |
| 병호: 엄마! 텔레비전 안 보여요! |
| 엄마: 뭐? 텔레비전이 엄마보다 중요해? |
| Minkyong: 한번 더 천천히 |
| 엄마: 병호야. 과일 먹자. |
| 병호: 엄마! 텔레비전 안 보이잖아요. 옆으로 비켜요. |
| 엄마: 어.어. 그래. 알았어. 과일 먹자. 응? |
| 병호: 지금 텔레비전 보잖아요. 나중에 먹을게요. |
| 엄마: 그래... |
| 병호: 엄마, 저기 파리!! 파리 좀 잡아 주세요. |
| 엄마: 어? 어디? 그래! 안 잡혀... |
| 병호: 엄마! 텔레비전 안 보여요! |
| 엄마: 뭐? 텔레비전이 엄마보다 중요해? |
| Minkyong: 영어로 한번 더 |
| 엄마: 병호야. 과일 먹자. |
| Keith: Byeongho, let's eat some fruit. |
| 병호: 엄마! 텔레비전 안 보이잖아요. 옆으로 비켜요. |
| Keith: Mom! I can't see the TV. Move to the side please. |
| 엄마: 어.어. 그래. 알았어. 과일 먹자. 응? |
| Keith: Oh... Ok. Let's eat this fruit, ok? |
| 병호: 지금 텔레비전 보잖아요. 나중에 먹을게요. |
| Keith: I am watching TV. I will it eat later. |
| 엄마: 그래... |
| Keith: Ok... |
| 병호: 엄마, 저기 파리!! 파리 좀 잡아 주세요. |
| Keith: Mom, there... a fly!!! Please catch it!! |
| 엄마: 어? 어디? 그래! 안 잡혀... |
| Keith: Huh? Where? Ok! I can't.... |
| 병호: 엄마! 텔레비전 안 보여요! |
| Keith: Mom! I can't see the TV!! |
| 엄마: 뭐? 텔레비전이 엄마보다 중요해? |
| Keith: What? Is TV more important than I am?!!! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| 민경: 어머, 병호 너무 버릇이 없네요! |
| Keith: Yeah. Byeongho has no manners... How do we say that in Korean? |
| 민경: 버릇이 없다. |
| Keith: 한국 애들은 원래 이래요? Are Korean kids usually like this? |
| 민경: I guess yeah. I mean Korean moms are like super moms. They do everything for their kids, and this is what happens when your kids are too spoiled. |
| Keith: So was that you? Are like 병호? |
| 민경: No I was a good little girl. |
| Keith: Yeah right. |
| Minkyong: I was very polite. |
| Keith: Well, even though he's polite language, he's still a bit rude. Is there any difference between polite language and actually being polite? |
| Minkyong: Yeah. I mean, you could always use polite language, but not be polite. |
| Keith: Yeah. Language is actually very strict in Korean, but manners? It's up to the individual. So even on the street, if I see, maybe a car accident or something. A minor car accident. Two people come out. They're speaking polite language to each other, but they're yelling. They're screaming at the top of their lungs. But they're ending their sentences as 요, 요, 입니다, or something like that. So a lot of times you'll see polite language, but not necessarily polite people. |
| Minkyong: Ok |
| Keith: So let's take a look at our vocabulary. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Keith: The first word we have is? |
| Minkyong: 과일 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Fruit |
| Minkyong: 과일 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Minkyong: 과일 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Next we have? |
| Minkyong: 보다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: To see, to look at |
| Minkyong: 보다 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Minkyong: 보다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Next? |
| Minkyong: 보이다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: To be seen |
| Minkyong: 보이다 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Minkyong: 보이다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: 그 다음에 |
| Minkyong: 잡히다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: To be caught |
| Minkyong: 잡히다 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Minkyong: 잡히다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: And after that? |
| Minkyong: 나중에 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Later |
| Minkyong: 나중에 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Minkyong: 나중에 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Next? |
| Minkyong: 중요하다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: To be important |
| Minkyong: 중요하다 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Minkyong: 중요하다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: And what do we have next? |
| Minkyong: 텔레비전 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Television |
| Minkyong: 텔레비전 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Minkyong: 텔레비전 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: 그 다음에 |
| Minkyong: 옆 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Side, next to |
| Minkyong: 옆 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Minkyong: 옆 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Next? |
| Minkyong: 비키다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Move to side, get out the way |
| Minkyong: 비키다 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Minkyong: 비키다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: And after that? |
| Minkyong: 잡다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: To catch |
| Minkyong: 잡다 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Minkyong: 잡다 [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Keith: Alright. Let's have a closer look at some of the words and phrases that came out. |
| 민경: Ok! The first word we look at is 보이다 |
| Keith: To be seen, and this is passive form of 보다. |
| 민경: 네 맞아요. 보다 is to see and 보이다 means to be seen. It is also our grammar point for today. |
| Keith: That's right, and we will talk about that little later. So can you give us an example? |
| 민경: Ok. 저기에 있는 별 보여요? |
| Keith: Do you see that star over there? But literally, that means, "Is that star seen?" Meaning, is that star viewable? And we'll go over how to actually construct that later, but for now, we want to go into the usage. |
| 민경: So 보이다 is used to say, "Can you see that star?" But because we're using the passive, it really means, "Is that star seen?" |
| Keith: So if I'm sitting in front of you and we're watching TV, and I want to ask... "Can you see?" I can say... 볼 수 있어. Which is literally, Can you see? But what's more natural? Is 볼 수 있어?more natural or is using 보이다more natural? Such as 텔레비전 보여? |
| 민경: Using 보이다 is more natural. 텔레비젼 보여요? |
| Keith: And that's literally, is the television seen? Once again, we're using the passive over here. So, basically, the usage for 보이다 is "Can you see." But it's literally saying, "Is the television seen?" "Is that star seen?" Alright, so how did it come out in this dialog? |
| 민경: 병호 said 텔레비전 안 보이잖아요. |
| Keith: Mom! I can't see the TV!! Ok. And our next word is actually another passive word. What is it? |
| 민경: 잡히다 |
| Keith: To be caught. So when do you use this word? |
| 민경: When you are caught. For example when someone is chasing you and someone catches you, that person says, 잡았다!! |
| Keith: Can we have the object there? |
| 민경: 너를 잡았다! |
| Keith: I caught you! And if the subject and the object were in there, how do we say that? |
| Minkyong: 나는 너를 잡았다. |
| Keith: So how do you say if I was caught? If I was the one caught? |
| 민경: You could say 내가 잡혔다! |
| Keith: I was caught! So it's kind of like when you are young and you are playing 술래잡기, you know, tag, you use this word. |
| 민경: Or when you are watching news, you might hear something like 도둑이 잡혔습니다. |
| Keith: The thief was caught. How would you say, "The police caught the thief?" |
| 민경: You can say, 경찰이 도둑을 잡았습니다. |
| Keith: And once again, that's the actual, regular verb. How about the passive form? The thief was caught? One more time? |
| Minkyong: 도둑이 잡혔습니다. |
| Keith: Alright, so how did it come out in this dialog? What was caught? |
| 민경: 엄마 said 어? 어디? 그래! (끙끙) 안 잡혀... |
| Keith: Huh? Where? Ok! I can't catch, but literally translated it's "It can't be caught," and she's referring to a fly. Ok. What's our last word? |
| 민경: 비키다 |
| Keith: This word means to move to side, get out of the way. Alright. Minkyong, do you use this a lot? |
| 민경: Sometimes. |
| Keith: Well, to it's-- To get into it a little bit more, we'll get into that soon. But in what kind of situations is this word used? |
| 민경: I use this when, 차가 와서 옆으로 비켰어요. |
| Keith: A car came, so I moved to the side. And how did it come out in this dialog? |
| 민경: 병호 said 엄마! 텔레비전 안 보이잖아요. 옆으로 비켜요. |
| Keith: Mom! I can't see the TV. Move to the side please. And this can be a bit rude, can't it? |
| 민경: Yeah, if you say this to a stranger, even if you're using polite language, it's rude. 비켜 주세요. |
| Keith: Yeah. It's a bit direct so it can be seen as really confrontational. |
| 민경: But it's definitely ok to use this with your close friends and family... |
| Keith: Well, maybe not your parents. It's rude, isn't it? To your parents? |
| Minkyong: Yeah. Probably not to your mom and dad. |
| Keith: Well, yeah. It's because you're supposed to respect them. But among your close friends and your brothers and sisters, you can definitely use it. Alright, so let's get ready to tackle the passive. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Keith: Alright, so now we're going to get into some real tough grammar over here. We're going to tackle the passive. Let's jump right into an example. |
| Minkyong: Ok. Let's start with a simple sentence. 호랑이가 소를 먹었어요. |
| Keith: The tiger ate the cow. That's a lucky 호랑이. That's a lot of food over there. Well, that sentence is not in the passive. |
| 민경: Yeah, the verb there is 먹다. |
| Keith: To eat. So how do we have that in the passive? |
| Minkyong: We change the verb from 먹다 to 먹히다. |
| Keith: To be eaten. |
| 민경: So instead of 소를 먹었어요. We say, 소가 먹혔어요. |
| Keith: Right. Instead of "to eat the cow," we say, "The cow was eaten." And how do you say, "By the tiger"? |
| 민경: 호랑이에 의해서 소가 먹혔어요. But this is really unnatural you know, we usually say 호랑이한테 or 호랑이에게 소가 먹혔어요. |
| Keith: And why is that? |
| 민경: Because this "by someone" part isn't so common in Korean |
| Keith: Yeah. Actually, if you're at this level, you probably know by now that a lot of times in Korean, we omit a lot of parts in sentences. So this is really, actually, common to be omitted. "By the cow." Well, the cow's not eating the tiger. The tiger's eating the cow, so "by the tiger". That part is usually omitted. |
| Keith: Alright. So how about we go into the construction a little bit? |
| Minkyong: Well, the general formula is to add either 이/기/리/히 between the verb stem and the last part of the verb, 다. |
| Keith: Ok. Can we have an example? |
| 민경: In this conversation, there was 보다. But the passive form is 보이다. |
| Keith: Right. So in between 보 and 다, what did we add? |
| Minkyong: 이. |
| Keith: So what's the passive form of 보다? |
| Minkyong: 보이다 |
| Keith: There's a lot of them, 이/기/리/히. How do we know which one to use? |
| 민경: Well, there are general rules, but there are a LOT of exceptions. So we recommend our listeners to just memorize these words just as it is. |
| Keith: Instead of knowing the actual rules of how to construct a passive verb, because there are so many exceptions, we suggest that memorization is the way to go. Alright, so how was the passive used in this conversation? |
| Minkyong: 병호 said, 엄마 텔레비전 안보이잖아요. |
| Keith: Mom! I can't see the television. But that's literally, "The television can't be seen." |
| Minkyong: And Mom said, 안잡혀 |
| Keith: And that's literally, "It can't be caught," but here she's saying, "I can't catch it." Once again, we went over the usage and those passive verbs are often used as "I can something," "I can see," but when you literally translate it, it's "It can be seen." |
Outro |
| Keith: Alright. So that's going to do it for today. See everyone next time. |
| Minkyong: 안녕히 계세요. |
Easily master this lesson’s grammar points with in-depth explanations and examples. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Comments
Hide