Learn about three main different tenses
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Seol: 안녕하세요. 윤설입니다. (Annyeonghaseyo. Yunseorimnida.) |
| Minkyong: 안녕하세요. 민경입니다. (Annyeonghaseyo. Mingyeongimnida.) |
| Keith: Keith here. I Did It, I Am Doing It and I Am Going to Do It. |
| Seol: Hello everyone. I am Seol and welcome to KoreanClass101.com |
| Keith: With us, you will learn to speak Korean with fun and effective lessons. |
| Seol: We also provide you with cultural insights |
| Keith: And tips you won’t find in a textbook. All right, so here we are back at season 3, Beginner season 3 and we have a nice lesson. Seol, do you like to exercise? Do you go to gym sometimes? |
| Seol: No. I hardly go to the gym. |
| Keith: Hardly ever? |
| Seol: Yeah. |
| Keith: Minkyong, how about yourself? |
| Seol: Yeah I don’t go to gym. |
| Keith: koreanclass101, are we that lazy? |
| Seol: Kind of. |
| Keith: All right, well, what’s a gym? A fitness center in Korean. |
| Seol: 헬스클럽 |
| Keith: And the first part is? |
| Seol: 헬스 |
| Keith: Health and the last part? |
| Seol: 클럽 |
| Keith: Club. Health club and that’s kind of a English word. Well I guess a Konglish word. |
| Seol: Yeah. |
| Keith: And for those of you that don’t know, what is Konglish by the way? |
| Seol: English plus Korean. |
| Keith: It’s a mix of English that Korean people think is Korean or English but it’s not really either. |
| Seol: Yeah it’s like in the middle. |
| Seol: Yeah but most of the time people just leave out club and just say 헬스. So these two people are you know at 헬스클럽 |
| Keith: Or just 헬스 |
| Seol: Yeah. |
| Keith: So what’s the focus of this lesson? |
| Seol: So the focus of this lesson is the three main different tenses in Korean. This conversation takes place in a gym |
| Keith: And the conversation is between a member of the gym and his trainer or his coach. |
| Seol: Speakers are not friends. Therefore speakers will be speaking formal Korean. |
| Keith: All right, let’s listen to today’s conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 주연: 영철씨, 등이랑 어깨 운동 했어요? |
| 영철: 했어요. |
| 주연: 그럼 배 운동은 안 해요? |
| 영철: 지금 해요 |
| 주연: 팔 운동은 언제 할 거예요? |
| 영철: 곧 할 거예요. |
| 주연: 다리랑 허리 운동은 안 할 거예요? |
| Seol: 한번 더 천천히 (hanbeon deo cheoncheonhi). |
| 주연: 영철씨, 등이랑 어깨 운동 했어요? |
| 영철: 했어요. |
| 주연: 그럼 배 운동은 안 해요? |
| 영철: 지금 해요 |
| 주연: 팔 운동은 언제 할 거예요? |
| 영철: 곧 할 거예요. |
| 주연: 다리랑 허리 운동은 안 할 거예요? |
| Seol: 영어로 한 번 더 (yeongeoro han beon deo). |
| Keith: 이번에는 영어로 |
| 주연: 영철씨, 등이랑 어깨 운동 했어요? |
| Keith: Yeongcheol, did you do your back and shoulder exercises? |
| 영철: 했어요. |
| Keith: I did. |
| 주연: 그럼 배 운동은 안 해요? |
| Keith: Aren't you going to do abs? |
| 영철: 지금 해요 |
| Keith: I’m going to do it now. |
| 주연: 팔 운동은 언제 할 거예요? |
| Keith: When are you going to do arm exercises? |
| 영철: 곧 할 거예요. |
| Keith: I’ll do them soon. |
| 주연: 다리랑 허리 운동은 안 할 거예요? |
| Keith: Aren't you going to do leg and waist exercises? |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Keith: Well, that person was being very annoying, huh?! You think she is trying to pick him up? |
| Seol: Probably not. |
| Keith: Well in Korea, our health club, I think good places to pick up people like get dates, meet people… |
| Seol: Well I don’t think so. People are exercising and they sweat right? |
| Keith: Well that’s a good thing though. Isn’t it? |
| Seol: Oh what!! |
| Keith: Everyone is good looking, they are fit, it is sweaty. It’s just really like |
| Seol: And they are stinky. |
| Keith: Yeah but it’s like a lot of raw energy. You know what I mean? |
| Seol: No. |
| Seol: No. |
| Keith: I think you want to move on. |
| Seol: Let’s move on. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Keith: All right. So let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| Keith: The first word we have is: |
| Seol: 등 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: back (of the body) |
| Seol: 등 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Seol: 등 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Next we have? |
| Minkyong: 어깨 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: shoulder |
| Minkyong: 어깨 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Minkyong: 어깨 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Next? |
| Seol: 배 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: stomach, belly |
| Seol: 배 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Seol: 배 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: 그 다음엔 |
| Minkyong: 팔 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: arm |
| Minkyong: 팔 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Minkyong: 팔 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: And next we have? |
| Seol: 다리 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: leg |
| Seol: 다리 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Seol: 다리 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: And after that? |
| Minkyong: 허리 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: waist |
| Minkyong: 허리 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Minkyong: 허리 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: And 그 다음엔 |
| Seol: 운동 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: exercise |
| Seol: 운동 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Seol: 운동 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: And finally, what do we have? |
| Minkyong: 곧 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: soon; shortly |
| Minkyong: 곧 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Minkyong: 곧 [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Keith: So I have a brilliant idea. |
| Seol: So what’s your brilliant idea? |
| Keith: Why don’t we take a closer look at some of the words? |
| Seol: Okay. |
| Keith: The first word we are going to take a look at is? |
| Seol: 허리 |
| Keith: And this word only refers to someone’s lower back and I love this word because it’s used by 아줌마s all the time. |
| Seol: Yeah older women and grandmothers always say 허리야, 허리야 |
| Keith: My back, my back and then they always hit their lower back bum, bum, bum! So do you do that sometimes? |
| Seol: Yeah I admit, I do that. |
| Keith: Wait! Is that only reserved for 아줌마s and 할머니s grandmothers, older women or does everybody do that? |
| Seol: Yeah if you have a pain in your lower back, you say that. Haven’t you ever? |
| Keith: Yeah I have done it a couple of times but for some reason, I feel like that term is reserved for 아줌마s and 할머니들 |
| Seol: But if guys say that, I think it would be a little bit weird. |
| Seol: 하하하하 |
| Seol: Yeah I got what you mean. You know there is like the tone and it’s very high. So if guys say that, it will be like ah… |
| Keith: All right. Well this word also means waste and can we have a sample sentence? |
| Seol: 언니는 허리가 얇아요 |
| Keith: So his waist is thin. |
| Seol: thank you 민경 |
| Keith: And how about lower back? Can we have a sample sentence for that? |
| Seol: 허리가 아파요 |
| Keith: My lower back hurts but if you noticed it, it’s the same word used for both lower back and waist. All right, let’s take a look at our next word 운동 and this is a 하다 verb. So the verb to exercise is |
| Seol: 운동하다 |
| Keith: Very simple but in the context of this lesson, what we can do is we can add body parts in front of the word |
| Seol: 운동 |
| Keith: And then it’s arm exercise, leg exercise, back exercise |
| Seol: Yeah for example, we can say 팔 운동 |
| Keith: Arm exercise. |
| Seol: 다리 운동 |
| Keith: Leg exercise and what if I am working all day, I am exercising my fingers. I am computer geek you know. |
| Seol: 손가락 운동 |
| Keith: Yeah. |
| Seol: You are the first person who used that word. |
| Keith: No well fine…Well how about I am exercising my brain? I am thinking hard. |
| Seol: 두뇌 운동 |
| Keith: Like a brain exercise. |
| Seol: I always do that then. |
| Keith: All right let’s move on to our grammar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Keith: As we said earlier in this lesson, we are going to have a look at the three main tenses in the Korean language - simple present tense, future, and past. And 설, which one do you want to look at first? |
| 설: The present is the most important of all. We're living in the present, so look at the present tense. |
| Keith: You're so deep. |
| Seol: Thank you. |
| Keith: So what we have is the -어/어/여(요) (a/eo/yeo(yo)) conjugation. This is the basic way to conjugate Korean verbs in the simple present tense. At the end of those conjugations, you can add 요 (yo) to make the sentence more polite. |
| Keith: Alright, let's take a brief look at how it is constructed. If you already know how it's done, then review with us. |
| Keith: As the title suggests, there are a few different conjugations 아,어,여. And these are dependent on the vowel of the last syllable of the word. |
| 민경: For verb stems that end with the vowels, 아 or 오, we use the 아 for the conjugation. |
| Keith: For example? |
| Seol: 놀다 |
| Keith: To play. Then we take the verb stem... |
| Seol: 놀 |
| Keith: Then we can add on? |
| 민경: ㅏ |
| Keith: So now we have? |
| Seol: 놀아. |
| Keith: Play, in the simple present tense. How about ㅓ? |
| 설: This is used for all other verb stems, not ending in ㅏ or ㅗ. |
| 민경: For example we can use 믿다 - to trust. |
| Keith: We take the verb stem... |
| 민경: 믿. |
| Keith: Then...we just add on 어. So we have? |
| 민경: 믿어. |
| Seol: And for 하다 verbs. They're very easy. It just becomes 해. |
| Keith: Yea, it uses the conjugation 여, but it's just easier to remember it becoming 해 in this context. |
| 설: And in Korean, the simple present tense often replaces the present progressive and also expresses a near future. |
| Keith: That's right. Can you give us a quick example? |
| 설: You can say "학교 가요." |
| Keith: That's literally School, go. |
| 설: But you can use it to say that you're going to school right now. It also means that you will go to school, like, tomorrow. |
| Keith: Ok and how was this present tense used in today's dialog? |
| Minkyong: 주연 says, 그럼 배 운동은 안해요? |
| Keith: Aren't you going to do abs? Aren't you going to exercise abs? |
| Seol: And Yeongcheol says, 지금 해요 |
| Keith: I'm doing it now. That's the equivalent of the present progressive, but here, simple present tense. And just a quick tip. Many times there are deletions and contractions with repeating vowels, but you can check this lesson's lesson notes PDF for these deletion and contraction rules. |
| Keith: Alright. Let's go on to the next tense, 민경, now, we've got the future and the past left, which one do you want to go to first? |
| 민경: The future. I don't like thinking too much about the past. |
| Seol: Wow. |
| Keith: A lot of painful memories. Alright, so what we have is? |
| Minkyong: -ㄹ/을 것이다 |
| Keith: This is used to express a future action or an intention. Basically, it's the future tense. And to construct it... |
| 민경: You take verb stems ending in a vowel plus -ㄹ 것이다 |
| Keith: For example, we can take the verb... |
| 민경: [보다] (boda) |
| Keith: To see. We take the verb stem. |
| 민경: 보 |
| Keith: And we add on? |
| 민경: ㄹ 것이다 |
| Keith: And now we've got? |
| 민경: 볼 것이다 |
| Keith: Will see. |
| Keith: And that last part |
| 민경: 것이다 |
| Keith: We can conjugate that according to different politeness levels. Please check the lesson notes for the conjugations |
| Keith: And how was it used in today's dialog? |
| 민경: 주연 said, 주연 - 팔 운동은 언제 할 거예요? |
| Keith: When are you going to do arm exercises? |
| 설: And Yeongcheol says, 영철 - 곧 할 거예요. |
| Keith: I will do it soon. |
| Keith: Alright, now that we got that covered. Let’s move onto the past tense, which is pretty much similar to the present tense. |
| 민경: Yea, basically it's just 아, 어, 여 except you put ㅆ 밭침을 부쳐요. |
| Keith: Yea, we add the double ㅅ to the end of 아, 어, 여. What does that become? |
| Seol: -았/었/였다 (at/eot/yeotda) |
| Keith: This grammatical structure expresses the past tense. Just a quick note. We used to say this is a verbal infix, but one of our listeners and host of Indonesian Survival Phrases, Ed, he pointed out that this should actually be a suffix. So thanks, Ed! |
| 설: Yea! Thanks Ed! So if you know the 아/어/여 conjugation, it's basically the same rules for the past tense. Except you just add ㅆ to the bottom of all of those. |
| 민경: So if we have a verb stem that ends with the vowel 어, we use the 었 conjugation. |
| Keith: Let’s take an example from today's dialog... |
| 설: 주연 said, 영철씨, 등이랑 어깨 운동 했어요? |
| Keith: Yeongcheol, did you do your back and shoulder exercises? |
| 민경: And 영철 said, 했어요. |
| Keith: I did. Minkyong, 등이랑 어깨 운동 했어요? |
| 민경: 네 했어요 |
| Keith: Lies. How about you, Seol? |
| Seol: 저는 손가락 운동 했어요 |
| Keith: Your finger exercises. |
Outro |
| Keith: Okay so that just about does it for today. All right that’s going to do it. See everyone later. |
| Seol: Bye. |
| Seol: Bye. |
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