Learn the Korean linking particles, 랑 (rang), 하고 (hago), and 와/과 (wa/gwa)
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Seol: 안녕하세요. 윤설입니다. |
| Minkyong: 안녕하세요. 민경입니다. |
| Keith: Keith here. With or Without You. Do you know that YouTube song? |
| Seol: No. |
| Minkyong: No. |
| Keith: With or without, okay that’s probably not a song. |
| Seol: That’s a YouTube main theme? |
| Keith: Oh no, I mean it was quite popular back in the days like maybe late 90s or so. |
| Seol: But I know this song Without You sung by Mariah Carey. |
| Keith: Would you please bless us with the verse? |
| Seol: Now I can’t live if – uhh no. Can’t… live….. like this. |
| Keith: Okay well that was really good. |
| Seol: Thank you. |
| Keith: All right. So that was good but we are not actually talking about songs today. What are we talking about? |
| Seol: We are talking about with. |
| Keith: Right the particle |
| Seol: 랑 |
| Keith: And we actually went over this in one of our previous Beginner Season 1 lessons but we also have another particle which means pretty much the same thing. |
| Seol: 하고 |
| Keith: These attached to nouns. We don’t want to get too much into it right now. We will get into that very soon but remember to listen for these words 랑 and 하고 in our conversation. All right so what’s our conversation about? |
| Minkyong: It’s a conversation between 엄마 and 현석. |
| Keith: Mom and her son named 현석 and actually 현석 is late. He is very late. So he is using very formal language to his mother. And of course, the mother is using |
| Minkyong: 반말 |
| Keith: Casual language because |
| Minkyong: She is angry. |
| Keith: Well yeah and she is the mom. |
| Minkyong: Oh yeah there is that. |
| Keith: Yeah. Mom has no need to be formal. So every mom is going to speak to their child in this manner. So let’s listen in and see what happens. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 엄마: 조현석! 늦었어! |
| 현석: 죄송합니다. |
| 엄마: 너 누구랑 같이 있었어? |
| 현석: 지혜랑, 수엽이랑, 수희랑, 지엽이랑 같이 있었어요. |
| 엄마: 어디 갔어? |
| 현석: 학교하고, 영화관하고, 중국하고, 피씨방 갔어요. |
| 엄마: 야 이 녀석아! |
| Hyunwoo: 이번에는 영어로 들어 보세요. |
| Seol: 엄마: 조현석! 늦었어! |
| Keith: Hyeonseok Jo! You're late! |
| 현석: 죄송합니다. |
| Keith: I'm sorry. |
| 엄마: 너 누구랑 같이 있었어? |
| Keith: Who were you with? |
| 현석: 지혜랑, 수엽이랑, 수희랑, 지엽이랑 같이 있었어요. |
| Keith: I was with Jihye, Suyeop, Suhui, and Jiyeop. |
| 엄마: 어디 갔어? |
| Keith: Where did you go? |
| 현석: 학교하고, 영화관하고, 중국하고, 피씨방 갔어요. |
| Keith: We went to school, the movie theater, China, and PC Bang. |
| 엄마: 야 이 녀석아! |
| Keith: Hey you little rascal! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Keith: So this guy went to China. |
| Seol: So he was just joking around. |
| Keith: Yeah he is trying to sneak a fast one pass his mom and play around with her a little bit but she noticed and what did she say to him? |
| Seol: 야 이 녀석아 |
| Keith: And… |
| Minkyong: That sounds really natural. Do you say that a lot? |
| Seol: No not really. |
| Keith: Actually this is actually used mainly for parents speaking to their children. |
| Seol: Right. |
| Keith: And it means, hey you little rascal, hey you little punk. |
| Seol: Yeah kind of and the first line when mom calls his son 조현석 I mean by the full name, it’s very familiar with me because when my mom is really angry with me, then she calls my full name 윤설 이리로 와. |
| Keith: Yeah actually a lot of parents or not even just parents, people when they want to get someone’s attention, they say someone’s full name. So even if we are together where you are not my parents but maybe I am watching TV and you got a really important question to ask me. Hey 성주 by the way is my Korean name. So hey 성주, 성주야 I am just like ah… |
| Seol: Then I called you 야, 김성주! |
| Keith: Yeah and then once you say the full name, it’s like oh, oh, I am in trouble. So I got to look kind of thing. |
| Minkyong: Actually this conversation reminds me of me and my dad because my dad really – he really doesn’t like when I come late. |
| Seol: So when is your curfew? |
| Minkyong: It’s 10 PM. |
| Seol: Oh my god! |
| Keith: Wow! |
| Minkyong: So, so my dad watches 9 o’ clock news. So I have to be home before it finishes. I got home like 9:59 or something. |
| Keith: Well we are not going to yell at you by your full name but 윤설! |
| Seol: 네 |
| Keith: Can you help us out with the vocab? |
| Seol: 당연하죠. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Keith: Okay. All right so the first word we have is |
| Seol: 늦다 |
| Keith: To be late. |
| Seol: 늦다 [slowly - broken down by syllable] 늦다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Next we have |
| Seol: 죄송하다 |
| Keith: To be sorry. |
| Seol: 죄송하다 [slowly - broken down by syllable] 죄송하다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Next |
| Seol: 너 |
| Keith: You. |
| Seol: 너 [slowly - broken down by syllable] 너 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: After that we have |
| Seol: 누구 |
| Keith: Who. |
| Seol: 누구 [slowly - broken down by syllable] 누구 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: And next is |
| Seol: 같이 |
| Keith: Together, with. |
| Seol: 같이 [slowly - broken down by syllable] 같이 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: And next we have |
| Seol: 영화관 |
| Keith: Movie Theater. |
| Seol: 영화관 [slowly - broken down by syllable] 영화관 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: And after that |
| Seol: 중국 |
| Keith: China. |
| Seol: 중국 [slowly - broken down by syllable] 중국 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: And next is |
| Seol: PC방 |
| Keith: Internet café. |
| Seol: PC방 [slowly - broken down by syllable] PC방 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: And after that we have |
| Seol: 야 |
| Keith: Hey. |
| Seol: 야 [slowly - broken down by syllable] 야 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: And finally one of my favorite words and most commonly heard words. |
| Seol: 녀석 |
| Keith: Rascal. |
| Seol: 녀석 [slowly - broken down by syllable] 녀석 [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Keith: So I want to talk about 죄송하다 a little bit. The verb to be sorry. Now what’s the difference between 죄송하다 and 미안하다? |
| Minkyong: 저는 죄송합니다 보다 미안해요를 더 많이 쓰는 거 같아요. |
| Keith: So why do you use 미안해요 more often than 죄송하다? |
| Minkyong: 미안해요 seems more I don’t know lighter and I don’t know, I like the sounds better than 죄송합니다. It’s not so formal. |
| Seol: Yeah when I say 죄송합니다 I feel like I am so guilty about what I did but when I say 미안해요, it’s very lighter. So I can use 미안해요 more often. |
| Keith: So let’s throw out a couple of examples. If I am walking in the street and I bump into somebody, well what do you say? |
| Minkyong: 미안해요. |
| Seol: I would say 죄송합니다 because I don’t know him at all and I just feel so guilty about it. |
| Keith: So if you actually feel very guilty about it, you would use |
| Seol: 죄송합니다. |
| Keith: And also if you are just sorry, not super guilty about it, you would use |
| Minkyong: 미안해요. |
| Keith: And once again, these are conjugated into different politeness levels. So 죄송합니다 is in the formal and 미안해요 is in the standard politeness level. So in today’s conversation, how did we use the word 죄송하다 to be sorry. |
| Seol: 죄송합니다. |
| Keith: And this is in the formal politeness level as we mentioned and why is he using the formal politeness level? |
| Minkyong: Because he is sorry and his mom is angry. |
| Keith: Yeah so when you are in trouble with your parents or with your teacher or someone that holds a lot of power in the relationship |
| Seol: Yeah it’s all about power. |
| Keith: Yeah no really it is though. When this person holds a lot of power in the relationship, then you try to be as formal and as polite as possible. So that’s why he is using 죄송합니다 in today’s conversation. All right, let’s move on to our next word. Next we have |
| Minkyong: 영화관 |
| Keith: And what’s the difference between that and 극장? They are both movie theater, aren’t they? |
| Minkyong: But nowadays is 극장. Doesn’t everybody say 영화관 가자? We don’t really say 극장 가자. |
| Seol: You are right. The words themselves mean exactly the same but usually we tend to use 영화관 more often. In addition to that, 극장 is the place for play, ballet, dance and opera. |
| Keith: And 영화관 is just the place for movies. The Bourne Ultimatum, The Matrix, Harry Potter. |
| Seol: By the way, I love the Bourne series. |
| Keith: Well just very quickly. Minkyong, do you like that also? |
| Minkyong: No not really. |
| Keith: No. |
| Minkyong: It’s not my – I don’t know, I don’t like it. |
| Keith: Many Korean people that I met love that movie, love that series but most of the people that I know in America, most of my friends in America, they don’t like it at all. |
| Seol: Oh really, why is that? |
| Keith: It’s a cultural difference. I don’t know. |
| Seol: Oh! |
| Keith: Cultural difference. So if you like Bourne Ultimatum, you might like Korea. All right, let’s move on to our next word. Next we have |
| Seol: 너 |
| Keith: And we went over this in our previous lessons, but we just wanted to stress again. Please, please, please be careful when you are using this word when you are not on familiar terms with someone because if you don’t… |
| Seol: It’s rude. |
| Keith: All right and next we have. |
| Seol: PC방 |
| Keith: And this is a place where a lot of people go to play computer games. |
| Seol: Yeah. |
| Keith: The computer gaming industry in Korea is huge. It’s just a place where there is a bunch of seats installed with computer games. |
| Seol: Yeah and you can see a lot of geeks there. |
| Keith: Kind of like me. |
| Seol: Yeah. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Keith: So let's move on to today's grammar point. What are we talking about today? |
| Seol: 랑 and 하고. |
| Keith: So as we mentioned, 랑 is a particle that means "and" and it attaches to nouns. We covered this in a previous lesson, but just for a quick review, let's go over how it came out in today's conversation. |
| Seol: Hyungseok gives his excuses that he was with 지혜, and 수엽, 수희, and 지혁. So it's like 지혜랑, 수엽이랑, 수희랑, 지엽이랑 같이 있었어요. |
| Keith: I was with Jihye and Suyeop, and Suhui, and Jiyeop. If you notice, every single person in that sequence, they all have 랑 or 이랑 at the end. Once again, 이랑 and 랑 are used according to whatever the syllable ends in. 받침 있으면 if it has a consonant at the end. But even the last one. In English, you would say, Jihye and Suyeop, and Suhui, and Jiyeop, but in Korean, that last person, Jiyeop, gets that 랑 again. |
| Seol: Yeah, it is. So, 지혜랑, 수엽이랑, 수희랑, 지엽이랑 같이 있었어요. |
| Keith: Yeah, so every single one in that sequence gets that 랑, and it attaches to nouns, not adjectives, verbs, or adverbs. So, what's our next point that we want to make today? |
| Minkyong: 하고 |
| Keith: This is pretty much the same thing as 랑, right? |
| Minkyong: It sounds like it's pretty much the same thing, but maybe 하고 is more formal. |
| Keith: I don't think 하고 is more formal. I think 랑 is more casual, more conversational. |
| Seol: So, 하고 is pretty casual, too, but 랑 is more casual. |
| Keith: I think so. Conversational. If you're writing something, you wouldn't really write 랑, would you? |
| Minkyong: No. No, no. I think both of them are conversational. |
| Keith: Yeah, but that's what we're talking about. Today, it's very, very casual. Even if you're using formal language, like 죄송합니다, 늦었습니다, 잘못했습니다. If you're using formal language, you can still use 랑 and 하고 because these are conversational words. All right. Before we get into a little more of that, how did 하고 come out in today's conversation? Hyunseok's mom was asking, "Where did you go?" 어디갔어? |
| Minkyong: And Hyunseok said, 학교하고, 영화관하고, 중국하고, 피씨방 갔어요. |
| Keith: If you noticed there, we had four in that sequences, but that last one, PC Bang, doesn't get that 하고. |
| Seol: You're right, but if you add 하고 to PC Bang, it's ok, too. |
| Keith: So the last one in the sequence can either take it as we saw in our last series with 랑 or it can not take it with PC Bang. So pretty much 랑 and 하고 are interchangeable. |
| Seol: Yeah. |
| Keith: So one thing I noticed is you pronounced it as... |
| Seol: 하구 |
| Keith: Actually the written form and the proper, standard Korean would be? |
| Seol: 하고 |
| Keith: 고, and the casual, conversational form? |
| Minkyong: 하구 |
| Keith: Yeah. It's just a conversational day. It's just easier to pronounce. |
| Seol: Yeah, that's why we just sound 하구. |
| Keith: And, actually, females can use this to sound really cute, too. |
| Minkyong: Yeah. Show us, Seol. |
| Seol: Ok. 나 이거하고 저거하고 저거하고 사 줘. |
| Minkyong: Oh my gosh. |
| Seol: Sorry, guys. |
| Keith: So, if I were to do this? |
| Minkyong: Oh, show us! |
| Seol: That's too crazy. |
| Minkyong: Keith, you should do it. |
| Keith: 나 이거하고 |
| Seol: Stop. |
| Keith: So it doesn't really work well with men, but females can use it to sound cute. All right. So let's move back into the grammar a little bit. So we had 랑 and 하고 and we said they're pretty much interchangeable, but you don't use it when you're writing. What do you use when you write? |
| Seol: 와 and 과 |
| Keith: Because of this job, I have to look at a lot of Korean textbooks, and they all have 와 and 과 in there, but nobody uses that. |
| Minkyong: Not really, because it's only written form. Like no one really says 와 and 과. |
| Seol: But imagine a situation that you're reporting what you did to the president of your company. He's the president, not just your boss. Then you would say 과 and 와, because you want to show that you're very professional and very formal. |
| Keith: So people do actually use this in formal situations. |
| Seol: Yeah, in a very formal setting. |
| Keith: Actually, I've never been in a super formal setting like that, so I've never used it conversationally. |
| Seol: Me neither. |
| Keith: So is 와 and 과 used exactly the same way as 하고 and 랑? |
| Minkyong: Yes, it's exactly the same. |
| Keith: Except, nobody actually uses it. |
| Minkyong: Yeah, there's that. |
| Keith: Yeah, but if you're reading, it's very important to know. All right. So, before we end this lesson, let's go over a couple examples. "What's your favorite food?" 어떤 음식을 좋아해요? |
| Minkyong: 저는 김치부침개하고 된장찌개하고 냉면이 좋아요. |
| Keith: If you notice, she was acting pretty cute. 하구 하구... |
| Minkyong: She is cute. She's not acting. |
| Keith: Ok. So, Seol, how about yourself? 어떤 음식을 좋아해요?. What kind of food do you like? |
| Seol: 저는 피자랑 스파게티랑 햄버거랑 음… 탕수육 좋아해요. |
| Keith: 완전 외국사람 같지 않아요? |
| Minkyong: Yeah, it's all western food. |
| Keith: Yeah, and one Chinese dish in there. |
| Seol: All the foods that are very fatty. |
| Keith: You're not Korean. |
| Seol: I am. I am. |
Outro |
| Keith: All right, so that’s going to do it. See you later. |
| Minkyong: Bye bye. |
| Seol: 안녕. |
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Comments
Hide여러분... 집에서 몰래 나가 본 적이 있나요? (Everyone... have you ever snuck out of your house?)
안녕하세요 robert groulx,
You are very welcome. 😇
Feel free to contact us if you have any questions.
We wish you good luck with your language studies.
Kind regards,
레벤테 (Levente)
Team KoreanClass101.com
thank you for the lesson
my favorite is 하구 하구..
robert
Hi Oluchi,
Thanks for posting. We have a lesson on linking particles which may help answer your question:
https://www.koreanclass101.com/lesson/particles-11-linking-particles/?lp=98
Please check the link out!
Best,
Lyn
Team KoreanClass101.com
Could you please clarify the use of -/과 in connection with vowel and consonant endings. I'm not sure which to use when and the example 한국과 중국은 다릅니다. 과 is used after a consonant ending and 영화와 현실은 달라요. 와 is used after a vowel ending. The construction says:
We use-와 (wa) to link nouns ending in consonants.
We use -과 (gwa) to link nouns ending in vowels.
Hi Ian,
Thanks for posting. Most news channels in Korea have the 9pm news, but some channels have it even earlier (8pm)!
Cheers,
Lyn
Team KoreanClass101.com
The Korean 9 o'clock news sounds great, its 10pm in England but that seems a bit late to me :smile:
녀석이/녀석아 would be fine depending on the tone i think.
학생에게*
사용하면*
You can try saying punk too. just make sure you find out the right word. Google translate won't give it to you properly.
선생님,
문제 있어요. 그 단어 "녀석", 언제 단어를 사용해요. 단어는 친절해요? 저는 선생님이에요. 재 학생에 녀석을 사요하면 괜찮아요?
Teacher, I have a question. This word 'rascal', when do I use it? Is it kind? I am a teacher. If I use it with my students, is it okay?
Is it okay to use it while joking with students?
감사합니다!
Hi Colin,
The answer is easy. When there's batchim, you go with 과. When there's not, you go with 와.
So for an example, 철수. it doesn't have batchim, right? then it becomes 와! :)
On the other hand, 수정. It has the batchim ㅐㅇ, so it becomes 과 :)
Hope this helped! :)
Thnak you,
Madison/Koreanclass101.com
Page 6 of notes says 와 is used with consonants and 과 is used with vowels, yet in the examples on page 7 와 is used with vowels and 과 is used with consonants.
Which one is right?
:razz:Hello, Clement : )
Thanks for the comment. We're glad to hear that the cultural insights also helped you learn more.
Beside 3,6,9 game, you can also enjoy the Baskin Robbins 31 game. As you know that's brand name for ice cream shop, and people got the idea of this game from the number 31 on their brand name.
Rule is simple. One person can call at the maximum of three numbers. You can just call one number as well. For example, you can go like
A: 1,2,3
B: 4,5
C: 6
D: 7,8,9
And here is the big rule for this game. If someone calls the number 31, he/she becomes looser of the game. Usually, game goes like this.
A: 29
B: 30
C: 31
In this case, A has the key. If A says 29 and 30, B will be looser. But if A just says 29, then A can make C as looser. You can see someone becoming very powerful on this game as you do it more and more.
You can see how people play this game at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqPn1Zv-XqY
I hope you'd be enjoying the game.
Thank you
- Jaehwi / Koreanclass101.com
This is partly why I love this website and why I enjoy coming back... the lessons do not just contain grammar and vocab, but also contain information about culture and society which I think is invaluable. Thank you, I will definitely let you know if I have more questions. For the moment though, what other Korean games are there of the same sort as sam-yuk-gu?
:razz:Hello, Clement.
Thanks for the reply : )
I love the sentence your friend said "We’re all learning Korean… might as well learn as much about the culture as the language." That's good point! Actually, that's why we are trying to connect more lessons with cultural facts. I hope our lessons would help you understand both language and culture of Korea : )
When you have any questions about Korean language or Korean culture, please let us know. We're always happy to help you understand them.
Thank you.
- Jaehwi /Koreanclass101.com
No... I don't know of any other games like this. I wish I did, since that'd give me a lot of ways to pass the time with friends... and most of my friends who aren't Korean love Korean culture and language as much as I do. And I havea feeling the more games of this sort we know, the more fun we'll have... as one of my friends would say, " We're all learning Korean... might as well learn as much about the culture as the language."
:razz:Hello, Clement.
Thanks for sharing your story on this game; 3,6,9. I also had many chances to do this game on the school trip or casual gathering at a college. Although it sounds simple, it's really entertaining. : )
Do you know any other games that you've played with Korean friends?
- Jaehwi / Koreanclass101.com
This discussion should probably be taken to the forums... but hopefully one more question is okay. Definitely looks like an entertaining game... and now having watched it I do remember seeing some of my friends playing it during a high school trip to Europe last year while we were hanging around the airport... that's part of the reason why I like these games. If you have a lot of time to kill and have friends with you, these can be quite entertaining! :D
:razz:Hi, Clement
안녕하세요.
I'm Jaehwi from Koreanclass101.com
It's great to hear that you've passed all two seasons in only a couple of weeks. We are all happy to hear the lessons were helpful for you.
And the name of the game is 3.6.9 [sam,yuk,gu]. You can count up with your friends from 1 to 1,000 or more, and when you have turn to read number 3,6 or 9, you should clap. If you get the number 33, you should clap twice. It seems easy but if speed goes up, you can make a mistake even with the number 3, or 6.
You can see how Korean people play 3,6,9 game on this Youtube Video : )
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bewcEZYXgeI
Thank you for your comment and I hope our lessons can help you improve Korean faster and better, so that you can have great conversation with your friend's parents in Korean.
Thank you.
- Jaehwi / Koreanclass101.com
Great lesson! Never thought I could progress to season 2 this fast in only a couple of weeks but thanks to all you wonderful folks I've done it! I did notice that season 2 has some dialogs at the beginnings of certain lessons, and at the beginning of this one there was what sounded like a Korean hand game involving numbers. Since I firmly believing in learning about as much as I can about the culture as well as the language, what precisely was this game, how does it work and what are some others like it? Thanks for the great resources in improving my Korean studies... I can finally converse with my friend's parents when I go visit their place! :D
In the grammar bank, it shows 와 going with a consonant and 과 going after a vowel, BUT, other korean sites I've seen have 와 with vowels and 과 with consonant. Which one is correct?
BTW: I love this site! Thanks for all the hard work ya'll put into making this a great site to learn Korean!
Good lesson!!
But there is an error in the examples in the pdf concerning 와/과. Fortunately there is the learning center to clear my doubts.
In the exmaples is used 과 with noun ending in consonant and 와 with a noun ending in vowel. But it should be the opposite.
Thanks for everything and for make learn Korean funny and easy.:smile: