Learn the Korean particles "until" and "from"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Seol: 안녕하세요. 윤설입니다. |
| Minkyong: 안녕하세요. 민경입니다. |
| Keith: Keith here. What’s That? |
| Seol: What’s that Keith? |
| Keith: Well you will see in the conversation. |
| Seol: Okay I just saw that now you don’t have any good idea for the title. |
| Keith: No, no this one is a creative title. Actually it’s a creative script just taking the title from that script. |
| Seol: Okay. |
| Keith: But yeah let’s talk about the conversation today. What’s going on? Minkyong, can you tell us what happened in our last conversation? |
| Minkyong: Last conversation 민수 and 수진 really liked each other. So they started talking about their interest and what do they do on weekends. |
| Keith: And what did 수진 say that she did? |
| Seol: On weekends? She said she does golf or yoga. |
| Keith: And 민수 was really excited because oh yeah, I am a golfer too. Hey let’s go to the golf on Saturday or Sunday and that was part of our grammar point last week. |
| Seol: 네 토요일이나 일요일 |
| Keith: Saturday or Sunday. So today, what’s going on? We are continuing on with the conversation with 수진 and 민수 and they are still talking about, hey let’s do something after this. Let’s hang out. Let’s go somewhere. |
| Seol: Do you remember 수진 lied about her hobby. |
| Keith: Yeah she doesn’t golf for real. She just golfs because she just wants to look good. |
| Seol: So yeah because 민수 persuaded her to go to the golf course together. She needs some like excuses to avoid the situation. So now it’s about the avoiding the plan. |
| Keith: Yeah so the situation went from good to bad. So because they are still talking from the last conversation which is the first day that they met. So they are still using |
| Seol: 존댓말 |
| Keith: Polite language. So let’s listen in. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 수진: 네?! 아니... 그게... 1시부터 약속이 있어요. |
| 민수: 1시부터? 그럼 언제까지 약속이 있어요? |
| 수진: 약속? 아.. 그게... 아니... 어... 11시까지예요... 하루 종일이에요. |
| 민수: 근데... 수진 씨... 아까부터... 얼굴에 뭐 묻었어요. |
| Seol: 영어로 한 번 더 |
| 수진: 네?! 아니... 그게... 1시부터 약속이 있어요. |
| Keith: What? I mean, that is, I have an appointment from 1:00. |
| 민수: 1시부터? 그럼 언제까지 약속이 있어요? |
| Keith: From 1:00? Then, until when is your appointment? |
| 수진: 약속? 아.. 그게... 아니... 어... 11시까지예요... 하루 종일이에요. |
| Keith: Appointment? Well, that's, well until 11:00. It's all day. |
| 민수: 근데... 수진 씨... 아까부터... 얼굴에 뭐 묻었어요. |
| Keith: But, Sujin, from a little while ago you had something on your face. |
| Keith: Poor 수진 |
| Seol: Yeah. So don’t lie. |
| Keith: Yeah she got caught in the lie and now she has something on her face. |
| Minkyong: That has something to do with her lying. 얼굴이 빨게진게 아닐까요? |
| Keith: Because her face turned red. No I think she has something on her face. |
| Minkyong: 아 정말요? |
| Keith: Has that ever happened to you? You went on a date or something and you go to the bathroom and you see a piece of lettuce in your teeth or something? |
| Minkyong: Like when you eat 김밥 |
| Seol: Ah… |
| Minkyong: 김 always stuck in your teeth and you look really stupid. |
| Keith: So I am guessing that’s happened to you. |
| Minkyong: Ah no, no that never happened to me. |
| Seol: 아 정말? 저한테는 그런 적이 있어요. |
| Keith: Yeah. |
| Seol: 소개팅에 가서 밥을 먹었어요. |
| Keith: So it was a blind date. |
| Seol: Yeah it was. |
| Keith: And you met this person for the first time? |
| Seol: Aaha so.. |
| Keith: I like where this story is going. |
| Seol: 그래서 밥 먹고 한참 후에 거울을 봤는데 고추가루가 끼어 있더라고요. |
| Keith: You had a – what did you have in your teeth? |
| Seol: 고추가루 |
| Keith: Red pepper and that’s really visible. |
| Seol: 네 부끄러웠어요. |
| Keith: Well yeah has happened to be once too. It wasn’t a blind date but I was in a bank and then I ran to a friend from high school and said, hey how is it going? How are you doing? Just caught up for a second really quick and then I went to my car and then I checked my rearview mirror. There is a huge piece of lettuce right in my front teeth. |
| Seol: 어우 창피해. |
| Keith: Yeah. Well 수진 too. 불쌍하죠? |
| Seol: 네 불쌍해요. |
| Keith: Yeah I feel a little sorry for her. All right so let’s move on to the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Keith: First word we have is? |
| Minkyong: 부터 |
| Keith: From. |
| Minkyong: 부터 [slowly - broken down by syllable] 부터 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Next we have? |
| Minkyong: 까지 |
| Keith: Until. |
| Minkyong: 까지 [slowly - broken down by syllable] 까지 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: After that we have? |
| Minkyong: 약속 |
| Keith: Promise. Appointment. Engagement. |
| Minkyong: 약속 [slowly - broken down by syllable] 약속 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: And next is? |
| Minkyong: 하루 종일 |
| Keith: All day. |
| Minkyong: 하루 종일 [slowly - broken down by syllable] 하루 종일 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: And after that we have? |
| Minkyong: 얼굴 |
| Keith: Face |
| Minkyong: 얼굴 [slowly - broken down by syllable] 얼굴 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: And next we have? |
| Minkyong: 뭔가 |
| Keith: Something. |
| Minkyong: 뭔가 [slowly - broken down by syllable] 뭔가 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: And finally? |
| Minkyong: 묻다 |
| Keith: To stick. To smear. To cover. |
| Minkyong: 묻다 [slowly - broken down by syllable] 묻다 [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Keith: All right. Do you have a favorite word out of all of our vocabulary words today? |
| Seol: 네 |
| Keith: 뭐예요? |
| Seol: 약속이요. |
| Keith: Promise, engagement, appointment why? It’s a general word. |
| Seol: 네 그래서 좋아해요. |
| Keith: Because it’s a general word? |
| Seol: 약속을 지키다 약속이 있다 약속을 하다. 약속이라는 단어가 It has a lot of meanings. So if you know this word, your vocabulary expands a lot. |
| Keith: Yeah so how do we say, oh I have plans later, sorry. Can’t hang out. I am busy. |
| Seol: 어, 나 약속이 있어. 미안해. |
| Keith: Yeah I have a promise or I have an appointment. |
| Seol: 그리고 약속을 하다 |
| Keith: To promise. |
| Seol: Or make plans. |
| Keith: Make plans yeah. For example |
| Seol: 어, 나 세 시에 약속했는데 |
| Keith: Ah I made plans at 3. Sorry. |
| Minkyong: 약속 시간을 어기는 사람이 싫어요. |
| Keith: People on Korean time. |
| Minkyong: But I am always late too so I can’t say this actually. |
| Seol: 어 저는 약속을 깨는 사람들이 싫어요. |
| Keith: People who break promises. I like that phrase too. What is that? |
| Seol: 약속을 깨다. |
| Keith: To break a promise. It’s the same thing in Korean. |
| Seol: Keith가... Keith, so you are going to make the PDF for the word 약속 right? |
| Keith: 약속할게요. I promise. So how did it come out in today’s conversation? |
| Seol: 한 시부터 약속이 있어요. |
| Keith: I have an appointment from 1 o’ clock. Let’s break it down real quick. |
| Seol: 한 시 |
| Keith: 1 o’ clock. |
| Seol: 부터 |
| Keith: From – we are going to get into this in a little bit. |
| Seol: 약속 |
| Keith: Promise, appointment. |
| Seol: 이 |
| Keith: Subject marking particle. |
| Seol: 있어요 |
| Keith: Have. So the construction is 약속 있다 to have an appointment. |
| Seol: If you say that we usually ask this question 무슨 약속이에요? |
| Keith: Well it’s a little nosy right? What kind of appointment, what kind of plans you got. |
| Seol: 근데 For Koreans, this is not the nosy. For Koreans, this is an acceptable question. |
| Keith: So even if you meet someone for the first time and you say, hey let’s hang out tomorrow you know, you hit it off with somebody, hey let’s hang out. Sorry, I got plans tomorrow. |
| Seol: What plan? Can I get there too? |
| Keith: Really? |
| Seol: If you really like that person. |
| Keith: Well okay very up front and |
| Seol: 한국사람들은 그렇게 막 대쉬하는 거 좋아해요. |
| Keith: What was that? |
| Seol: 대쉬하다 |
| Keith: 대쉬하다 To dash somebody as in the English, dash. Now what- it’s kind of hard to explain. What does that mean? |
| Minkyong: So if someone say 나 걔한테 오늘 대쉬했어 it means like I asked her number or I asked her out kind of things. |
| Keith: Okay. Why don’t you dash me? |
| Seol: What for? |
| Keith: So mean. Let’s move on. So let’s talk about our next word. |
| Seol: 하루 종일 |
| Keith: All day. Now we want to present this as a phrase. So how do we say it is all day? |
| Minkyong: 하루 종일이에요. |
| Keith: And how do we say I have plans all day? |
| Minkyong: 하루 종일 약속이 있어요. |
| Keith: All day plans have. I have plans all day. So yesterday let’s say you had vacation. What did you do yesterday 어제는 뭐 했어요? |
| Seol: 하루 종일 티비 봤어요. |
| Keith: You watched TV all day. |
| Seol: I actually did. |
| Keith: Good for you. |
| Seol: 네. Keith는 뭐 했어요? |
| Keith: 저는 하루 종일 컴퓨터 했어요. |
| Seol: Computer geek again. |
| Keith: Well you know, I was just watching TV shows, relaxing. 민경씨는 하루 종일 뭐 했어요? |
| Minkyong: 하루 종일 먹었어요. |
| Seol: Wow! |
| Keith: You ate all day? |
| Minkyong: Yeah. I had a lot of food like sweets and snacks and junk food and… |
| Keith: 맛있었어요? |
| Minkyong: 네 진짜 맛있었어요. |
| Keith: You seem like you are ready to make a commercial. You are so good. |
| Minkyong: I think I can do it well too. |
| Keith: Good luck. So in today’s conversation, how did it come out? |
| Seol: 수진 says 11시까지예요... 하루 종일이에요. |
| Keith: It’s until 11 o’ clock, it’s all day and she is trying to sneak out of this situation but it turns worse because what happens – what does 민수 say? |
| Seol: 얼굴에 뭔가 묻었어요. |
| Keith: 뭔가 something is on your face and poor 수진. |
| Seol: 창피하겠다. |
| Keith: Embarrassed yeah probably. All right so but that 뭔가 is part of our grammar point. So let’s go over it real quick. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Keith: What's "something"? |
| Minkyong: 뭔가 |
| Keith: As in today's conversation. And what's "somewhere"? |
| Minkyong: 어딘가 |
| Keith: And "someone"? |
| Minkyong: 누군가 |
| Keith: And how about "some time"? |
| Minkyong: 언젠가 |
| Keith: If you notice, they all end in 가. Real simple. There's actually a conjugation to all these interrogative words to make it into "someone," "something," "somewhere," but we don't want to get into that. We just want to present them as "someone," "something," "somewhere." In today's conversation, what was it again? |
| Minkyong: 얼굴에 뭔가 묻었어요. |
| Keith: Something's on your face. Now, let's go over this word, 묻다, really quickly. It means "to stick", "to smear", "to cover". Now, I hear it a lot. Something's stuck on your face! |
| Minkyong: 얼굴에 뭐가 묻었어요. |
| Keith: Right now? |
| Minkyong: Not right now. |
| Keith: 다행이다. 썰렁하다. |
| Seol: 네 벽에 뭐가 묻었어요 라던지 |
| Keith: Something's stuck on the wall. |
| Seol: 옷에 뭐가 묻었어요. |
| Keith: Something's stained on your clothes. Stained? |
| Seol: Mm-hm. |
| Keith: But it's like "stick", "to smear", "to cover" so a lot of times kids, they'll eat really messy, and what will their parents' say? |
| Minkyong: 옷에 묻히지 말고 먹어. |
| Keith: Don't stain your shirt. |
| Seol: 맞아요. 맨날 그래 맨날. |
| Keith: Ok. Let's backtrack a little bit. Let's go back to "someone", "somewhere". So let's have a couple of sample sentences with "somewhere". 어딘가 |
| Minkyong: It's like when I'm trying to find my keys or something. If my mom asks me, "Where did you put your key?" and I say, 어딘가 있겠지. |
| Keith: It should be somewhere. |
| Minkyong: Yeah. |
| Keith: So how about "someone"? |
| Seol: Somebody knock my door and I say, 누군가 내 방문을 두드렸어. |
| Keith: Someone knocked on my door. I don't know who it is. All right. Let's move on to our next grammar point. Now, today's grammar point is very, very key. Very important. What do we have? |
| Seol: 부터 |
| Keith: And? |
| Seol: 까지 |
| Keith: From. Until. Now, these are some very basic grammatical structures. Now, these are time or location point-marking particles. From. Until. So, how did it come out in today's conversation? |
| Seol: 한 시부터 약속이 있어요. |
| Keith: I have an appointment from 1:00. So if you noticed there, we had? |
| Seol: 한 시 |
| Keith: One o'clock, the time word, and then? |
| Seol: 부터 |
| Keith: From. So attach "from" to the time word. And, obviously, if you're having a time word to start with from then you're going to end with a time word. So how about "from one o'clock to two o'clock"? |
| Seol: 한 시부터 두 시까지 |
| Keith: Two o'clock, 까지, "until". In today's conversation 민수 asks, 언제까지 약속이 있으세요, "Until when is your appointment?" So can we break down that phrase? |
| Minkyong: 언제 |
| Keith: When. |
| Minkyong: 까지 |
| Keith: Until. So the question word, until. |
| Minkyong: 약속이 있으세요 |
| Keith: Do you have your appointment. So "When is your appointment until?" And 수진, poor 수진, replies. |
| Minkyong: 열한 시 까지예요. |
| Keith: Eleven o'clock until, and then if you wanted to just end the sentence there you can just add on the copula. So there we have it in standard politeness level. |
| Minkyong: 예요 |
| Keith: So "Eleven o'clock until is". It's until eleven o'clock. So let's have a couple of sample sentences. How about "from today until tomorrow"? |
| Minkyong: 오늘부터 내일까지 |
| Keith: And how about "from this year until next year"? |
| Seol: 올해부터 내년까지 |
| Keith: From 12:00 to 6:00? |
| Minkyong: 열두 시부터 여섯 시까지 |
| Keith: 설씨 아직 학생이죠? |
| Seol: 네 |
| Keith: 그럼 언제부터 언제까지 공부해요? |
| Seol: 4월부터 8월까지 공부해요. |
| Keith: From April until August. So 민경씨도 아직 학생이죠? |
| Minkyong: 네 |
| Keith: 그럼 하루에, in one day, 언제까지 공부하세요? |
| Minkyong: 아침 9시부터 저녁 6시까지 공부해요. |
| Keith: From 9:00 in the morning until |
| Minkyong: 6:00 in the afternoon. |
| Seol: 진짜? |
| Keith: Yeah, that's a lot. |
| Seol: 정말 그렇게 많이 해요? |
| Minkyong: 마지막 수업이 6시에 끝나요. |
| Seol: 아 수업이죠? 공부가 아니라? |
| Minkyong: 공부는 아니에요. 수업이에요. |
| Keith: Just go there because you have to go. |
| Minkyong: Yes. |
| Keith: So when 민수 points out that 수진 has something on her face, what did he say? |
| Seol: 아까부터 |
| Keith: From just before. What's that word? |
| Seol: 아까 |
| Keith: Before. Maybe like a couple minutes ago. Just means from before, generally speaking, but it has to be maybe within a couple hours? |
| Seol: Yeah. Within one hour. |
| Keith: It could be two hours? |
| Seol: Really? |
| Keith: Stretching it. |
| Seol: Ok. |
| Keith: Stretching it. Ok. So within that time frame? |
| Seol: 아까부터 |
| Keith: "Before from." So "from before". |
| Keith: You have something on your face. Why didn’t he say anything? |
| Seol: 그러게요. |
| Minkyong: I don’t know. Maybe he just wants to be embarrass her. |
| Keith: No. |
| Seol: He did not want to embarass her. |
| Minkyong: So he waited until |
| Seol: She noticed it by herself? |
| Minkyong: But she didn’t so he had to tell her. |
| Seol: Okay. |
| Keith: So we hope this doesn’t happen to you. |
| Seol: Yeah, that will be really embarrassing. |
| Keith: So actually, let’s pose a quiz to our listeners. |
| Seol: 여러분은 언제부터 한국어를 공부했어요? |
| Keith: From when, did you start studying Korean? |
Outro |
| Keith: All right, so that’s going to do it. Remember to stop by, check out our vibrant community. All right so see you there. Bye bye. |
| Seol: 안녕 |
| Minkyong: 안녕 |
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