Learn how to say "should not/must not"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Mingyeong: 안녕하세요 (Annyeonghaseyo). KoreanClass101의 지민경입니다 (ui jimingyeongimnida). |
| Keith: Hey, and I'm Keith. Everything You Shouldn't Do in Korea. Mingyeong, in this lesson, even you, Mingyeong, you're going to learn how to say how you shouldn't do something. |
| Mingyeong: -(으)면 안 되다 (-(eu) myeon an doeda) |
| Keith: Alright, so who's this conversation between? |
| Mingyeong: This conversation is between Jihun and Juntae. |
| Keith: The speakers are friends, therefore they will be speaking informal Korean in the intimate politeness level. |
| Mingyeong: 반말 (banmal) |
| Keith: Alright, are you ready to take a listen? |
| Mingyeong: 네, 들어 봅시다. (ne, deureo bopsida.) |
| DIALOGUE |
| 지훈: 나 회사 그만두고 싶어. |
| 준태: 지금 그만두면 안 돼. |
| 지훈: 왜? 그만두고, 유학 가고 싶어. |
| 준태: 야, 지금 네 나이에? 네 나이에 유학 가면 안 돼. |
| 지훈: 왜 안 돼? 내 나이에 유학 가면 왜 안 돼? |
| 준태: 너 영어 못 하잖아. |
| 지훈: 중국으로 갈 거야. 중국어만 하면 안 돼? |
| 준태: 아, 그래? 근데 요즘 경제가 어렵잖아. 일 찾기 힘들어. |
| 지훈: 괜찮아. 나는 회사를 만들 거야. |
| 준태: 뭐? 회사를? 야... 지훈아, 너, 나 잊으면 안 돼! 알았지? |
| Mingyeong: 한 번 더 천천히. |
| Keith: One more time, slowly. |
| 지훈: 나 회사 그만두고 싶어. |
| 준태: 지금 그만두면 안 돼. |
| 지훈: 왜? 그만두고, 유학 가고 싶어. |
| 준태: 야, 지금 네 나이에? 네 나이에 유학 가면 안 돼. |
| 지훈: 왜 안 돼? 내 나이에 유학 가면 왜 안 돼? |
| 준태: 너 영어 못 하잖아. |
| 지훈: 중국으로 갈 거야. 중국어만 하면 안 돼? |
| 준태: 아, 그래? 근데 요즘 경제가 어렵잖아. 일 찾기 힘들어. |
| 지훈: 괜찮아. 나는 회사를 만들 거야. |
| 준태: 뭐? 회사를? 야... 지훈아, 너, 나 잊으면 안 돼! 알았지? |
| Mingyeong: 영어로 한 번 더. |
| Keith: One more time, with the English. |
| 지훈: 나 회사 그만두고 싶어. |
| Keith: I want to quit my job. |
| 준태: 지금 그만두면 안 돼. |
| Keith: You shouldn't quit your job now. |
| 지훈: 왜? 그만두고, 유학 가고 싶어. |
| Keith: Why not? I want to quit and study abroad. |
| 준태: 야, 지금 네 나이에? 네 나이에 유학 가면 안 돼. |
| Keith: Now? At your age? You shouldn't study abroad at your age. |
| 지훈: 왜 안 돼? 내 나이에 유학 가면 왜 안 돼? |
| Keith: Why not? Why shouldn't I study abroad at my age? |
| 준태: 너 영어 못 하잖아. |
| Keith: You can't speak English. |
| 지훈: 중국으로 갈 거야. 중국어만 하면 안 돼? |
| Keith: I'll go to China. Is that a problem if I just speak Chinese? |
| 준태: 아, 그래? 근데 요즘 경제가 어렵잖아. 일 찾기 힘들어. |
| Keith: Oh, really? But you know the economy is bad these days. It's difficult to find a job. |
| 지훈: 괜찮아. 나는 회사를 만들 거야. |
| Keith: It's okay. I'm going to make a company. |
| 준태: 뭐? 회사를? 야... 지훈아, 너, 나 잊으면 안 돼! 알았지? |
| Keith: What? A company? Hey, Jihun. You should not forget about me, okay? |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Keith: Actually, a lot of people around me are having this kind of conversation. Should I study abroad? Should I quit my job? What should I do? |
| Mingyeong: Yeah, me too. After working in a company for a while, a lot of people think about whether they should stay in the job or they shouldn't. |
| Keith: Yeah, especially these days, because the economy's not doing so great in Korea. Well, it's not doing so great anywhere, but Korea, especially. It's not doing well at all, actually. The won has gone down. A lot of people are struggling to make ends meet. Mingyeong, do you have any personal stories about the economy and how it's affecting the lives of the people around you? |
| Mingyeong: Yeah! Like, things are getting more expensive. |
| Keith: For example? |
| Mingyeong: For example, food, and everything else is expensive. |
| Keith: Yeah, well, I think that's affecting the whole world actually. Food is getting expensive everywhere in the world, but Korea's definitely not an exception to this whole economic breakdown that's going on around us. |
| Mingyeong: 네. |
| Keith: But I know what else is breaking down. |
| Mingyeong: Vocabulary words? |
| Keith: You got it. Alright. Let's take a listen. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Keith: The first word we have is? |
| Mingyeong: 회사 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Company |
| Mingyeong: 회사 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mingyeong: 회사 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Next we have? |
| Mingyeong: 그만두다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: To quit, to stop |
| Mingyeong: 그만두다 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mingyeong: 그만두다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Next we have? |
| Mingyeong: 유학 가다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: To study abroad |
| Mingyeong: 유학 가다 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mingyeong: 유학 가다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Next we have? |
| Mingyeong: 나이 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Age |
| Mingyeong: 나이 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mingyeong: 나이 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: After that? |
| Mingyeong: 못 하다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Can't, to be unable to |
| Mingyeong: 못 하다 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mingyeong: 못 하다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Next? |
| Mingyeong: 중국어 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Chinese |
| Mingyeong: 중국어 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mingyeong: 중국어 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: After that? |
| Mingyeong: 경제 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Economy, economics |
| Mingyeong: 경제 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mingyeong: 경제 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: 그 다음에? |
| Mingyeong: 어렵다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: To be hard, to be difficult |
| Mingyeong: 어렵다 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mingyeong: 어렵다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Next? |
| Mingyeong: 찾다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: To search for, to look for |
| Mingyeong: 찾다 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mingyeong: 찾다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: 그 다음에? |
| Mingyeong: 힘들다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: To be difficult, to be arduous |
| Mingyeong: 힘들다 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mingyeong: 힘들다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Next? |
| Mingyeong: 만들다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: To make |
| Mingyeong: 만들다 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mingyeong: 만들다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: And finally? |
| Mingyeong: 잊다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: To forget |
| Mingyeong: 잊다 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mingyeong: 잊다 [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Keith: Ok. Let's take a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. What's the first word we're going to take a look at? |
| Mingyeong: 그만두다 |
| Keith: To quit, but this is usually for a job. When you want to quit your job. You usually don't say, "I want to quit," you don't use this word when you're talking about when you're wanting to quit smoking or quit drinking, or even gambling. |
| Mingyeong: Yeah, you usually say '일을 그만두다' or '직장을 그만두다' |
| Keith: And that's for work. How do we say, "I want to quit smoking" or drinking, then? |
| Mingyeong: 술을 끊다 or 담배를 끊다. |
| Keith: Right. So when you're talking about things that you want to quit such as smoking, drinking, and how about gambling? |
| Mingyeong: 도박을 끊다. |
| Keith: That's right, we're using the verb... |
| Mingyeong: 끊다. |
| Keith: But when we're talking about work, we're usually using the word 그만두다. Just to go over it real quick. When we're saying we want to quit work, what's the noun, "work"? |
| Mingyeong: 일 |
| Keith: And then we say? |
| Mingyeong: 일을 그만두다. |
| Keith: Right. So there, we're actually quitting the noun, work. Or we can also say the workplace. |
| Mingyeong: 직장 |
| Keith: And if we want to say, "I want to quit work," you can say, “I want to quit the workplace." |
| Mingyeong: 직장을 그만두다. |
| Keith: So there we're quitting nouns. Ok, what's the next word we're going to take a look at? |
| Mingyeong: 유학 가다 |
| Keith: To study abroad, to go abroad for studies. What do you call people who are actually studying abroad? Who are those people? |
| Mingyeong: 유학생. And the action of going abroad to start studying there is 유학 가다, but actually studying abroad is 유학 하다. |
| Keith: So what's the difference between 유학 가다 and 유학 하다? |
| Mingyeong: 유학 가다 is going abroad, and 유학 하다 is studying abroad. |
| Keith: The actual action of doing it. |
| Mingyeong: 네. |
| Keith: So if you're in Korea and you say you want to study abroad, what do you say? |
| Mingyeong: 유학 가고 싶어. |
| Keith: And that actually means leaving. Going outside of Korea. I want to go outside and study abroad. |
| Mingyeong: So, for example, if you're studying abroad... |
| Keith: So you're already outside of Korea... |
| Mingyeong: We could say, 나 지금 유학 해. |
| Keith: I'm studying abroad. Let's take a look at our final word. |
| Mingyeong: 경제 |
| Keith: Economy. |
| Mingyeong: In English you say 'the economy is bad' but in Korean we say '경제가 어렵다.' |
| Keith: The economy is 'difficult'. That's referring to the economy just not doing so well. |
| Mingyeong: Yes. |
| Keith: So how about when the economy is doing well? What do we say? |
| Mingyeong: So when the economy is good, we say 경기가 좋다. |
| Keith: So instead of using the word 경제, what word are we using? |
| Mingyeong: 경기 |
| Keith: That's referring to the economic conditions. It's a different word that we're using there. |
| Mingyeong: 네. |
| Keith: So instead of 경제가 좋다, we're saying... |
| Mingyeong: 경기가 좋다. |
| Keith: The economy is good. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Keith: Ok. What's our grammar point? |
| Mingyeong: -(으)면 안 되다 |
| Keith: Should not or must not. -(으)면 안 되다. Here, 되다 (doeda) literally means "to become" and has the meaning of "things working out well" and "things going smoothly." So -(으)면 안 되다 literally means "if you do it, it's a problem." |
| Mingyeong: Yes, and when it's used in a question, this structure can also ask for permission, translated to "Can't I ...?" or "Can I ...?" |
| Keith: Right, and that's when it's in a question. It's asking for permission. Ok. How do you use it in a sentence? |
| Mingyeong: At the end of a verb stem you add -(으)면 안 되다. |
| Keith: Ok. Let's take an example. How about the verb, to run? |
| Mingyeong: 뛰다 |
| Keith: The verb stem there is? |
| Mingyeong: 뛰 |
| Keith: And then? |
| Mingyeong: 뛰면 안 되다 / 뛰면 안 돼요. |
| Keith: You shouldn't run or you must not run. How about when we're using this in a question? |
| Mingyeong: 뛰면 안 돼요? |
| Keith: "Can't I run?" or "Can I run?" and there we're asking for permission. Actually, when you're asking for permission, when you're using this construction in a question, it's actually very polite, isn't it? |
| Mingyeong: Yeah, it's more polite than other structures. |
| Keith: Yeah, and the reason for that is because it's really literally asking for permission. "Hey, can I do this? May I do this?" |
| Mingyeong: 네. |
| Keith: Alright, so Mingyeong, help us out. How did it come out in this dialogue? |
| Mingyeong: 준태 said 지금 그만두면 안 돼. |
| Keith: You shouldn't quit your job now. You must not quit your job now. |
| Mingyeong: And 준태 also said 네 나이에 유학 가면 안 돼. |
| Keith: You shouldn't go study abroad at your age. Ok and how about some real-life, everyday examples that our listeners can use? |
| Mingyeong: Sometimes, on the doors, it might say, 여기 들어가면 안 돼요. |
| Keith: You shouldn't go in here. Or you must not go in here. And sometimes, your teachers will tell you... |
| Mingyeong: 술 마시면 안 돼요. |
| Keith: You must not drink alcohol. Or you should not drink alcohol. But sometimes, they'll drink with you. They'll buy you drinks. |
Outro |
| Keith: Alright, well that's going to do it for this lesson. Thanks for listening. See everyone next time! |
| Mingyeong: 안녕히 계세요. (Annyeonghi gyeseyo.) |
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