Learn how to use 하다 (hada) to ask for and tell the time
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Seol: 안녕하세요. 윤설입니다. |
| Keith: Keith here! Give Me a Few Minutes. In our last lesson, we went overtime, we learned how to say the hours. And with the hours, we use native Korean numbers…numbers which you don’t know every single one of them, right? |
| Seol: Sorry, I’m not accustomed to native Korean numbers. |
| Keith: Can you tell us why? |
| Seol: Because we usually use Sino Korean numbers and the native Korean numbers, they’re only for time and for your age. |
| Keith: Right. But with time, it’s only used for the hours, right? |
| Seol: Yeah. |
| Keith: So in today’s lesson, we’re going to use the Sino Korean numbers to tell the minutes. So, with that said, let’s jump in. |
Lesson conversation |
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| 성수 안녕하세요, 경미 씨. 성수입니다. |
| 경미 안녕하세요, 성수 씨. |
| 성수 지금 12시 15분입니다. 우리 극장에 몇 시에 갑니까? |
| 경미 3시 30분에 갑니다. |
| 성수 영화는 몇 시에 시작합니까? |
| 경미 3시 50분에 시작합니다. |
| Seol: 한 번 더 천천히. |
| 성수 안녕하세요, 경미 씨. 성수입니다. |
| 경미 안녕하세요, 성수 씨. |
| 성수 지금 12시 15분입니다. 우리 극장에 몇 시에 갑니까? |
| 경미 3시 30분에 갑니다. |
| 성수 영화는 몇 시에 시작합니까? |
| 경미 3시 50분에 시작합니다. |
| Seol: 영어로 한 번 더. |
| 성수 안녕하세요, 경미 씨. 성수입니다. |
| Keith: Hello Kyungmi, this is Sungsoo. |
| 경미 안녕하세요, 성수 씨. |
| Keith: Hello Sungsoo. |
| 성수 지금 12시 15분입니다. 우리 극장에 몇 시에 갑니까? |
| Keith: It's 12:15 now. What time are we going to the movie theater? |
| 경미 3시 30분에 갑니다. |
| Keith: We're going at 3:30. |
| 성수 영화는 몇 시에 시작합니까? |
| Keith: What time does the movie start? |
| 경미 3시 50분에 시작합니다. |
| Keith: It starts at 3:50. |
Lesson focus |
| Keith: Seol, what did you think about the conversation. |
| Seol: They are not talking about movie, just talked about the time. It’s strange. You wrote the script, right? |
| Keith: Well, yeah. Anyway…. |
| Seol: Yeah, anyway. |
| Keith: Anyway. Okay, let’s go into the vocab. First word we have is… |
| Seol: 지금 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Now. |
| Seol: 지금 [slowly - broken down by syllable]. 지금 [natural native speed]. |
| Keith: Next is… |
| Seol: 분 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: Minute. |
| Seol: 분 [slowly - broken down by syllable]. 분 [natural native speed]. |
| Keith: This is used just like the way we use hour, 시. We say the number and then add 시 at the end; but this time, we’re using the Sino Korean numbers. We’ll go into a little more detail later, but for now let’s move on to the next word. |
| Seol: 가다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: To go. |
| Seol: 가다 [slowly - broken down by syllable]. 가다 [natural native speed]. |
| Keith: In the conversation, it was conjugated into two forms – the formal present tense and the formal interrogative. The formal present tense is 갑니다. the formal interrogative is 갑니까? Okay. Well, next we have… |
| Seol: 시작하다 [natural native speed] |
| Keith: To start. |
| Seol: 시작하다 [slowly - broken down by syllable]. 시작하다 [natural native speed]. |
| Keith: So this is a two-part word. The first part is 시작. In Korean, it’s a noun and it means “start.” After it’s 하다 which means “to do”. Now 하다 is a very, very important verb. Seol, can you tell us why? |
| Seol: Because we can make a lot of new verb using 하다. |
| Keith: In Korean, there’s tons and tons and tons of 하다 verbs. Okay, Seol, what percentage do you think of the verbs end in 하다? |
| Seol: Eighty percent? |
| Keith: Eighty. Really? |
| Seol: More than eighty percent? |
| Keith: Really? You think so? |
| Seol: Because we can make a lot of verb using 하다. |
| Keith: So we can make verbs that don’t exist by adding on 하다, right? |
| Seol: Yeah. |
| Keith: So this is going to be a very, very important verb. What are some more common verbs that end in 하다? |
| Seol: 공부하다. |
| Keith: “Study do”, “to study”. What’s another one? |
| Seol: 야구하다. |
| Keith: This is “baseball do.” It means “to play baseball.” Once again, you need a noun in front and then 하다. It makes it a verb. Do you have another common one for us? |
| Seol: 화장하다. |
| Keith: Oh, okay. That’s “make-up do”, “to put on make-up.” So we use this all the time. And a lot of times, Koreans just make up verbs, right? |
| Seol: Yes. |
| Keith: Just verbs that don’t exist, right? |
| Seol: Yes. |
| Keith: So maybe something like 데이트하다, right? |
| Seol: Yes, that’s a verb. |
| Keith: So if you look it up in the dictionary, you can find 데이트하다? |
| Seol: No, no, but you can make it. You can make a new verb. |
| Keith: Exactly. That’s the point. So here we have a noun, “date” and then 하다“to do”, so “to date.” Okay. So Seol, why don’t we 시작합시다? |
| Seol: Okay. |
| Keith: In the last lesson we had, we told the hour by saying the minutes and then adding 시 to the end of it. So this will be number and then you say 시 which means “hour”. So if you want to say “one o’clock”, you just say 한 시. 한 means “one”. Actually, 하나 is “one” but it changes slightly in pronunciation when something is added to the end of it. So in this case, it’s 한 시. So it’s “one hour”. It means “one o’clock”. But for the hours, we’re using native Korean numbers. And for the minutes, we’re using Sino Korean numbers. Now Seol, what do we use Sino Korean numbers for? |
| Seol: For days, for phone numbers, and for money. |
| Keith: And today’s lesson, the time. |
| Seol: Yeah. |
| Keith: So you’re using Sino Korean numbers much, much, much more than you are using the native Korean numbers. In one of our previous lessons, we went over Sino Korean numbers. In today’s lesson, we’re going to use them again to tell the minutes. Let’s jump right in. So, when you’re talking about minutes, you just say the number and then you add 분 afterwards. Then you got your time in terms of your minutes. The hours, you got to use the native Korean numbers. But today, we’re just focusing on minutes. Why don’t we go over the numbers one through ten? One. |
| Seol: 일 |
| Keith: Two. |
| Seol: 이 |
| Keith: Three. |
| Seol: 삼 |
| Keith: Four. |
| Seol: 사 |
| Keith: Five. |
| Seol: 오 |
| Keith: Six. |
| Seol: 육 |
| Keith: Seven. |
| Seol: 칠 |
| Keith: Eight. |
| Seol: 팔 |
| Keith: Nine. |
| Seol: 구 |
| Keith: Ten. |
| Seol: 십 |
| Keith: Seol, are there any pronunciation changes when something is added to the end of these numbers? |
| Seol: No. |
| Keith: So the native Korean numbers, the first four numbers, they change slightly in pronunciation but here, there’s no change; they all stay the same. So all you have to worry about is numbers one through ten, then you can get numbers all the way to ninety-nine. We went over this in our last lesson, but for the sake of review, let’s go over it again. Okay, how do we make 20? |
| Seol: 이십 |
| Keith: Okay, that’s 이, the number two, and then 십, ten – two ten is twenty. Okay how about 25? |
| Seol: 이십오. |
| Keith: That’s 이 two, 십 ten, 오 five. So two, ten, five. Twenty-five. Now in the conversation, Sungsoo said 지금 열두시 십오분입니다. 열두 시 is twelve, 시 hour, 십오 fifteen, 분 minute, 이다is. So literally, it’s “now twelve hour fifteen minute is.” Here it means, “Now, it’s 12:15.” Well, let’s go over the rest of the minutes in the conversation. The next one, Kyungmi says… |
| Seol: 세시 삼십분에 갑니다. |
| Keith: Let’s take a deeper look. The first part we have is… |
| Seol: 세시. |
| Keith: “Three hour.” The native Korean number three, and then 시, hour. “Three o’clock.” What’s after that? |
| Seol: 삼십분 |
| Keith: “Thirty minute.” This is 삼십 “three ten thirty” followed by 분. This one is using the Sino Korean numbers. And then we have… |
| Seol: 에 |
| Keith: This is a time marking particle. Of course, it also marks location, but in this instance, we’re using it to mark the time. It’s very versatile. We can use it to mark location or, in this case, the time. Lastly, we have… |
| Seol: 갑니다. |
| Keith: “Go.” This is in the formal simple present tense. So here it means “three thirty at go”. Notice that this sentence does not have a subject, but it’s dropped because it can easily be inferred. In this case, it’s “we”. The next line we have is… |
| Seol: 영화는 몇 시에 시작합니까? |
| Keith: Okay, the first part we have is… |
| Seol: 영화 |
| Keith: Movie. Next is… |
| Seol: 는 |
| Keith: The topic marking particle. After that? |
| Seol: 몇 |
| Keith: How many or how much? After that is… |
| Seol: 시 |
| Keith: Hour. And lastly? |
| Seol: 에 |
| Keith: “At.” This is, again, the time marking particle. Literally, these three syllables 몇 시에 is “how many hour at.” And Koreans use this to ask “at what time is something happening?” And then this is followed by… |
| Seol: 시작합니까? |
| Keith: Okay. The first part is 시작. This is, once again, the noun “start” followed by…. |
| Seol: 합니까? |
| Keith: “To do”, the interrogative form of the word “to do”. Once again, that 하다 verb. You’re going to be hearing it over and over again. So literally all together, we have “movie what time at start”. Here it’s “what time does a movie start?” And lastly we have… |
| Seol: 세시 오십분에 시작합니다. |
| Keith: Okay. And the first part is… |
| Seol: 세 시. |
| Keith: “Three hour”, “three o’clock.” After that? |
| Seol: 오십 분. |
| Keith: “Fifty minute”. 오 is “five”, 십 is “ten”, and 분 is “minute fifty.” Right after that is…. |
| Seol: 에 |
| Keith: “At”. So here, it’s “three fifty at”. And then lastly we have… |
| Seol: 시작합니다. |
| Keith: This is, once again, to start but in the simple present tense. Altogether, we have “three fifty at start.” We can translate this as “It starts at 3:50.” So once again, the subject is inferred, “The movie is starting at 3:50.” So in a textbook, when you’re learning really, really, really standard Korean, how would this sentence come out? |
| Seol: 영화는 세 시 오십 분에 시작합니다. |
| Keith: It’s the same sentence. It’s just the 영화는 is added in front – “movie” topic marking particle. So “ Movie starts at 3:50.” Why don’t we give our listeners a side by side look of the native Korean numbers and the Sino Korean numbers? We could do this by saying “1:01.” |
| Seol: 한 시 일 분 |
| Keith: 2:02? |
| Seol: 두 시 이 분. |
| Keith: 3:03? |
| Seol: 세 시 삼 분 |
| Keith: 4:04 |
| Seol: 네 시 사 분. |
| Keith: Okay, you guys get the picture, right? It’s native Korean numbers, followed by the hour 시 and then Sino Korean numbers, followed by the minute 분. 5:05? |
| Seol: 다섯 시 오 분. |
| Keith: 6:06? |
| Seol: 여섯 시 육 분 |
| Keith: 7:07? |
| Seol: 일곱 시 칠 분. |
| Keith: 8:08? |
| Seol: 여덟 시 팔 분. |
| Keith: 9:09? |
| Seol: 아홉 시 구 분. |
| Keith: 10:10? |
| Seol: 열 시 십 분. |
| Keith: 11:11? |
| Seol: 열 한 시 십일 분. |
| Keith: 12:12? |
| Seol: 열 두 시 십이 분. |
| Keith: That was perfect. Thank you, Seol. |
| Seol: I’m proud of myself. |
| Keith: Okay. Seol, should we tell our listeners about Korean time? |
| Seol: Not really. |
| Keith: No? |
| Seol: I’m really ashamed of telling the Korean time, but if you want to do it, yeah. |
| Keith: Okay. Well, Korean time is…here, we have two people and they are on the phone, they’re ready to meet. But you know what, they’re both Korean, I think. |
| Seol: Yes. |
| Keith: And I think they’re both going to be late. |
| Seol: Yes. |
| Keith: They’re going to be late because they’re Korean so they’re running on Korean time. This is just a word that Korean made up because so many Korean people are late. |
| Seol: Not me. |
| Keith: Not you. Not me either. |
| Seol: Yeah. |
| Keith: But yeah, Koreans are infamous. That’s why they have that word “Korean time.” In the conversation, they agreed to meet at 3:30, 세 시 삽심 분. What time do you think they’re actually going to meet? |
| Seol: At 세 시 사십 분. |
| Keith: Three forty. That’s not that bad. Ten minutes? |
| Seol: Yeah, I think 10 minutes is okay, right? |
| Keith: Yeah, 10 minutes is not bad. |
| Seol: So this is Korean time. |
| Keith: Okay. So maybe like 10 minutes, 15 minutes. |
| Seol: These days, people are punctual, seriously. People become punctual. So these days, there’s no more Korean time. Usually now, we try to be punctual. |
| Keith: Okay. Well, Korea’s changing for the better. We got the economy going; it’s strong, people are punctual. Yes! |
| Seol: Yes! |
Outro |
| Keith: All right. That’s going to do it for today. |
| Seol: 안녕! |
| Keith: See you! |
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