Lesson Transcript

Hi everyone, welcome to Ask KJIN.
My name is KJIN.
안녕하세요, K-Jin입니다 (Annyeonghaseyo, keijinimnida).
In this series, I'll answer your Korean questions.
Today I picked questions related to 받침 (batchim), part 4.
Here's the first question from Edward.
Thank you Edward.
What is the nasalization rule for 받침? The term nasalization makes it so complicated, but I prepared lots of examples for you to understand better, so don't worry.
So let's look at the rule, what is it? So when one of these ㄱ (giyeok), ㄷ (digeut), ㅂ (bieub) at 받침 sound, it sounds like K, T, P, not exactly, but I'm kind of exaggerating, it's more like 앝 (at), 앝, 닽 (dat), 앝, 앝, 밥 (bab), 밥, 밥, 밥 So basically these are air blocking sounds, so you make some sound but you block your tongues like 앝, 닽, 밥 So when these sounds are in 받침 position and followed by nasal sounds such as ㅇ (ieung), ㄴ (nieun), ㅁ (mieum), 응 (eung), 은 (eun), 음 (eum), these are nasal sounds, right? The sounds changes, they become this, this, air blocking sounds become nasal too.
How this ㄱ becomes like ㅇ, and this ㄷ becomes ㄴ and ㅂ becomes ㅁ.
It sounds so difficult if you just see these rules, but well, it's not that much hard, so I'll just show you some examples, it happens very naturally, it's not a complicated rule, it just sounds difficult with this written rule.
So for example, we have this 짜잔 (jjajan).
작년 (jaknyeon), 작년, so here we have this ㄱ, ㄱ, 작 (jak), 작, this ㄱ in the 받침 sound, we have this nasal sound, ㄴ, ㄴ, ㄴ, so if you read syllable by syllable, it's hard, 작년, 작년, 작년, it's hard.
So Korean people want to make this sound very smooth, naturally, just full, so like 장년 (jangnyeon), 장년, these air blocking sounds meet this nasal sound, so this air blocking sound become nasal too, simply because it's easier to pronounce it, so 작년 becomes 장년, this is how Korean people pronounce it, so when you actually see the romanization, it's kind of like 작년, so this, this meet, so it becomes 장년, 장년, do you see this, this “k” becomes “ng”, “ng”, because “ng” itself is a nasal sound, so this kind of “k” or “g” sound becomes, hmm, it's hard to see, let me make it clean for you.
짜잔, and this “k” or “g” sounds become “ng”, “ng”, 응, 응, 응, naturally it happens, basically Korean people like me are trying to pronounce this one like 작, but since the next sound is nasal, automatically we pronounce this as nasal, it's simple, so becomes NG, and is basically the nasal sound.
How about this, we have this example, 업무 (eopmu), 업무.
Before that, do you know what is 작년, 작년? 짜자자잔 (jjajajajan).
작년 means last year, 작년, 작년, and how about this, 업무, this means task, task, so you will use this word at workplace, so 업무, 업무.
What happens is, 짠 (jjan), there's 업 (eop), another air blocking sound here, 업, and there's nasal sound, so instead of 업무, 업무, we speak very naturally, 엄무 (eommu), 엄무, without stopping any sound, because when you block the air in the middle of the syllable, it's harder, so we say 업무, 업무, so do you see this, this 짜잔, ㅂ, ㅂ, this, here is ㅂ, right, ㅂ becomes ㅁ, ㅁ, ㅁ, ㅁ, ㅁ, ㅁ this nasal sound.
And there's no example for this in this slide, but same, oops, 짜잔, same, this, this sounds become kind of “t”, but it becomes ㄴ sound, ㄴ sound, so how can you remember this, well if you really want to have some kind of memorization tip, well, 짜자자잔, here's some quick rule for you, this ㄱ, this ㄱ sound is basically it's “g”, right? “g” sounds basically it's a Korean “g”, not English “g” sound, but ㄱ, ㄱ, ㄱ, ㄱ, Korean “g” sound, since it meets nasal sound like this, these original sounds also become nasal just by putting “n”. How about this, how about this, 짠, you have this ㄷ, let me make this clean for you, and 짠, you have this ㄷ, ㄷ, the nasal sound is hidden here, it's ㄴ, ㄴ, so basically 다 (da), 다, 나 (na), 나, they use the same mouth shape, it's just how you use your air to pronounce its nasal sounds.
And this too, this ㅂ includes this ㅁ inside, so basically they are very similar sounds already, this is 바 (ba), 바, 마 (ma), 마, so this one is not a nasal sound, this one is a nasal sound, so basically these are all very similar sounds actually, but the second one here, here, here are just nasal version of the first sound.
So I strongly recommend you to practice reading a lot instead of trying to memorizing these rules, because if you started memorizing this rule, it's so complicated, like this, in English you have this word, like, Actually, Actually, you have this “tu”, “tu”, “actually”, it's kind of like “actually”, but you have this word too, Turkey, but this is not “churkey”, right, it's not “churkey”, it's “turkey”, so I'm sure you can explain this linguistically, phonetically, like using this kind of rule, but when you pronounce this, do you actually remember the rules and try to pronounce, actually, okay, since there is like “t” and “u”, and there's like “c”, okay, so it's “Chu”.
This one is “t”, “u”, okay, so it's okay, it's Turkey, you don't think about that rule and pronounce it.
It's exactly the same for Korean, well, I'm just explain these rules just for you to know what's happening inside of Korean people's mouth, but when you practice these words, try to train your Korean tongue muscle first, instead of trying to memorize this, these pronunciation rules happen very naturally, simply to pronounce the words easily, not just making foreigners, Korean learners completely confused, so when you pronounce it a lot, you will actually naturally pronounce it just like actually and Turkey.
And there are some more rules for nasalization, so remember this air blocking sound, air blocking sound, 짠, and there's a nasal sound here, so there are two different sounds, when these sound, when one of these sounds comes before a syllable with ㄹ (rieul), ㄹ, ㄹ is a tricky sound, by the way.
ㄹ is the first consonant, ㄹ changes to ㄴ sound, ㄴ sound, what does it mean, what does it mean, so I prepared some examples for you, by the way, I just said this is nasal sound, nasal sound, but we are missing this one, right, because this one is an exception, it needs different rules that I'm going to introduce in this lesson very soon.
So 짠, I have an example for you, do you know this word, this word means psychology, it's a difficult word, but I prepared it just for practice the pronunciation, so 짠, if you pronounce this as syllable by syllable, it should be 심리 (simri), 심리, and it's so difficult, 심리, 심리, so Korean people cannot pronounce quickly if we try to pronounce each syllable 100% correctly, 심리, it's so hard, and we don't put that much effort when you pronounce each syllable, so what happens is, 짜자자잔, this, 심 (sim), ㅁ (m), ㅁ, ㅁ, ㅁ, this nasal sound, let me use different colour, nasal sounds meet this ㄹ, so we pronounce like this, 심니 (simni), remember, this ㄹ changed to ㄴ, so it was 심리, but not anymore, it's now 심니, 심니.
심리 is harder, but 심니 is easier, easier, so 심니, 심니.
And we have another example here is 짜자잔 (jjajajan), 종로 (jongro), 종로, 로 (ro).
ㄹ, ㄹ sound requires a lot of effort for Korean people to pronounce, so 종로, 종로, it's so hard, and we usually don't put that much effort again, so when you pronounce it quickly, it sounds more like 종노 (jongno), 종노, 종노, 종노, 종노.
So this ㄹ becomes ㄴ, 종노.
By the way, 종로 is the name of a place in Seoul, so it's not now that you can like use a lot, but probably you will go to 종로 if you visit Korea, because there are 경복궁 (Gyeongbokgung) palace, where you can see the beautiful traditional Korean palace, so it's in 종로, 종로.
But anyway, here are some rules of nasalization, and you know what, I just introduced two different rules, and these previous two rules, two changes can happen together, here are the examples, first word means independence, independence.
And 짜잔, do you see this, air blocking sounds is meeting ㄹ, ㄹ, so what happens is, remember, what happens is, this ㄹ is changed to ㄴ, such as 독닙 (doknip), okay, sounds good, it's 독닙, 독닙.
And what happens next is, 짠, do you see this ㄱ sound, air blocking sound, and you are meeting this, this air blocking sound is meeting the nasal sound, wow, yes, so now it's not 독닙 anymore, 독닙 anymore, this, remember, this ㄱ changed to ㅇ, “ng”, right, it becomes 동닙 (dongnip), 동닙.
Yes, the ㄱ is changing to “ng”, “ng, the ㅇ, ㅇ sound as in 동닙, so it means independence.
So when you read this letter, syllable by syllable is 독립 (dokrip), 독립, this is what's written, but nobody in Korea, nobody in Korea, seriously, I don't see anyone using 독립, 독립, because it's hard, you have to stop breathing out some air in the middle of the syllable, that is very hard, so we just say 독립, 독립 becomes 동닙, 동닙, 동닙.
And let's see the second example, it means quarantine, I think you use a lot in the last few years, it's quarantine, and in Korean, it is 격리 (gyeokri), 격리, ah, I hear this air blocking sound, and it meets ㄹ, and what happens is, 짠, 격니 (gyeokni), this ㄹ becomes ㄴ, as 격니, 격니.
And what happens again is, this air blocking sound still meets the, this, 니 (ni), 니, ㄴ, ㄴ, ㄴ, nasal sound.
So now they are changed to 경니 (gyeongni), 경니, this remember, this ㄱ is changed to ㅇ as in 경니.
So again, I am emphasizing this, but please practice a lot instead of trying to memorizing the rule, so when you see some words, you can go to online dictionary and to listen to the pronunciation, and 짠, some more examples for you.
짠, let's practice it. So 이튿날 (iteutnal), right, 이튿날, but 짠, this air blocking sound meets nasal sound, so it becomes 이튼날 (iteunnal), 이튼날, 이튼날, it means next day.
Again, air blocking sound meets ㄹ, so it becomes 암녁 (amnyeok), 암녁, 암녁, 암녁, 암녁.
And this 짠, this, “ng” sound, “ng” sound, this nasal sound meets ㄹ, remember what happens is this ㄹ becomes ㄴ as in 정니 (jeongni), 정니, arrangement, 정니.
압력 (amnyeok) means pressure, by the way, pressure. Okay, now we have this air blocking sound, ㄹ, what happens is it becomes 혐녁 (hyeomnyeok), 혐녁, 혐녁, and how about this, air blocking sound meets nasal sound as in 밤맛 (bammat), 밤맛, 밥 (bap) means rice, 맛 (mat) means taste, and 밥맛 means appetite, it literally means rice taste, but well, it just means appetite, and now air blocking sound again and nasal sound as in 식물 (sikmul), 식물, 싱물 (singmul), 싱물, plant.
So please practice a lot and develop your Korean nasal sounds, tongue muscle. Good luck.
Here's the second question from Asuka, thank you Asuka, why does the pronunciation change when ㄹ meets ㄴ, well why, simply because it's easier to pronounce it, this 짜자잔, ㄹ meets ㄴ or ㄴ meets ㄹ, well the order doesn't matter, but anyway, whenever they meet, what happens is 짠, ㄴ changes to ㄹ. ㄹ requires more effort to pronounce it.
So well, ㄴ, ㄴ, so it's easier to pronounce it, so when you want to pronounce this harder sound, ㄹ sound, we even change to this ㄴ sound to ㄹ, because double ㄹ is easier, but if you pronounce ㄹ and ㄴ separately is harder to pronounce, but if it's double ㄹ, it's simpler. So I'll show you some examples.
First we have this word, 한라산 (Hanlasan), this is the name of the mountain in Jeju Island.
Jeju Island is the biggest island located in southern South Korea, southern South Korea.
And this mountain is located there, 한라산.
So if you pronounce this like this, 한라산, 한라산, but if you pronounce it like this, 할라산 (Hallasan) is much simpler, because it's the same sound, so 할라산 is much simpler, and do you know this word? This word 달 (dal) means moon, and 나라 (nara) means country, so it's moon country, well we use this word to indicate the moon in the children's story, so in children's story we say, in 달나라 (dalnara), in the moon country, the rabbits are living, this is a traditional story, but anyway let's practice this pronunciation too.
So 달나라 is hard too, because this, look at this, this ㄹ sound come here, and ㄴ sound come next, so, 짠, this, this, these are two different sounds, so it's hard to pronounce it, especially ㄹ requires lots of effort to pronounce it.
So what happens is, we just make it double, we change ㄴ, this ㄴ to ㄹ, as in 달라라 (dallara), 달라라 is much simpler to pronounce it.
Here are some more examples for you, 짜잔, do you know this first word? It means contact, contact, and when you read syllable by syllable, it will be 연락 (yeonrak), 연락, but it's hard, so let's make it double, as in 짜자잔, 열락 (yeollak), 열락, 열락, contact.
Next word is this, one year, one year, one is 일, and “year” is 년. So it's 일 년 (il nyeon), 일년, to make it easier, it's 일 련 (il lyeon), 일 련.
Next we have groom, groom and bride, right, groom.
So when you read it syllable by syllable it's 신랑 (sinrang), 신랑, but make it simple too, 짠, 실랑 (sillang), 실랑, groom.
And now we have a heater, it's 난로 (nanro), 난로, but if you double the sound, it's simpler, as in 날로 (nallo), 날로, heater.
And originally, like originally, it was an apple or something, so originally in Korean is 원래 (wonrae), 원래, but to make it simple, this ㄴ change to ㄹ, as in 월래 (wollae), 월래, originally.
Now we have indoor in Korean is 실내 (silnae), 실내, 실내, but to pronounce easily, let's double this, 짠, ㄴ sound, change ㄴ to ㄹ sound as in 실래 (sillae), 실래, indoor.
So please practice these words.
Here's the last question from Bonnart, thank you Bonnart.
How can I memorize these 받침 rules easily? Well, you need to practice, because you cannot memorize every single rule and whenever you come across new words, you're trying to apply it, thinking about that rule, the ㄱ becomes ㅇ and this becomes this, it's almost impossible.
And actually, there are some pronunciation rules in English, and I don't think you remember that rules when you pronounce the words.
So you need to practice and naturally you will pronounce just like Korean people because, well, we have a reason to pronounce those words that way, simply because it's easier.
So you will understand that if you practice a lot.
So I prepared, 짜잔, this example having with all pronunciation 받침 rules that I taught you in the last four lessons.
So this is kind of like a tongue twister for you.
So please practice all the 받침 rules using these sentences.
And let's read it together.
But before that, I want to break down the sentence for you.
So you understand the meaning.
Well, actually, this is just a collection of our target words.
So maybe the sentence is not very beautiful, but it's okay.
This grammatically totally correct.
So 짠, we have this word 작년, it means last year, and we have 설날 (Seollal) means New Year's Day, Korean New Year's Day and 에 (e) is a time marking particle.
So “on New Year's Day”, “on New Year’s day” is 설날에 (Seollare) and 종로 is the name of the place in Seoul.
And 에서 (eseo) is the location marking particle.
So in 종로, in 종로 is 종로에서 (jongnoeseo).
And now we have this 같이 (gachi), 같이 means together, 좋은 학교 (joeun hakkyo), so first 좋은 (joeun) means good, and 학교 (hakkyo) means school.
So 좋은 학교 means good school. 를 (reul) is a particle, object marking particle, 졸업했어요 (joreopaesseoyo), it means graduated, so it's a past tense of “to graduate”.
Okay, so now you know the meaning, so let's practice the pronunciation and quickly review what we learned.
짜잔, first we have this word, 작년, 작년, ah-ha, this air blocking sound, it meet's a nasal sound.
What happens is, it becomes 장년, 장년.
This is what we learned in this lesson, right, so nasalization.
So when the air blocking sound, like this, meets the nasal sound, like ㅇ, ㄴ, ㅁ, then this ㄱ becomes ㅇ, and this ㄷ becomes ㄴ, and this ㅂ becomes ㅁ, well, right? And also when this air blocking sound or this 짜잔, this nasal sound, except for “N”, then what happens is they are changed to 짜잔, they meet ㄹ, then this ㄹ is changed to ㄴ.
You can review the first part of this lesson to know more about this.
Okay, so 장년, 장년, 장년.
Now we have this, 짠, 설날, 설날, ah, so ㄹ meets ㄴ, remember the flowing, ㄹ meets ㄴ, so it becomes 짜자잔, 설랄 because simply because it's easier to pronounce it if there are double ㄹ instead of having ㄹ and ㄴ separately. And 종로, too. 종로. Aha, so we have this nasal sound meets ㄹ, so the pronunciation is like 종노, 종노, okay.
And we learned this in the previous lesson, but 받침 ㅌ is coming at 받침 position, this 받침 ㅌ meets this 이 pronunciation, then what happens is 짜잔, it becomes 가치, 가치, this ㅌ sounds change to 짜잔, this 치 (chi), 가치, 가치, so if you really want to know the term, it was like palatalization, I hate this term because it sounds so complicated, but just remember this ㅌ sounds meets this 이 sound, it becomes 가치, if it was ㄷ sound, then it means 이 sound, it becomes 지 (ji), 지, 지 instead of 치.
Okay, so now let's move on, do you remember this 좋은, ah, this ㅎ, ㅎ is at 받침 and 짠, ㄴ comes, what happens is thanks to “ㅎ rule”, we just don't pronounce this ㅎ, ㅎ. So it's not 좋은, it's just 조은 (joeun), 조은, the ㅎ sounds disappear, yes it just disappear. This ㄴ, ㅁ, ㅇ, ㄹ nasal sounds plus ㄹ sounds meet ㅎ, then the ㅎ sounds disappear, just like this 조은, this ㅎ sound, ㅎ sound meets ㅇ, so ㅎ sounds is gone, as in 조은 means good.
Okay, now, do you remember this sound 짜잔, 학교, 학교, 학교.
So there is a double sound like this 짜잔, 짜잔, and what happens is this is not 학교, 학교, but it sounds like 학꾜 (hakkyo), 학꾜, 학꾜. Okay, and now we have this one 졸업 (joreop), 졸업, 졸업.
This ㄹ, ㄹ comes here, and this ㅇ comes here, then ㅇ is always a placeholder, placeholder well there is some kind of exception but usually it's a placeholder, so this ㄹ comes here, so it's not 졸업, 졸업, but this sounds like 조럽 (joreop), 조럽, 조럽.
Okay, and another tricky sound, this aspiration sound, 짜잔, this ㅂ meets ㅎ next, and they are combined, and what happens is, it becomes ㅍ sound, as in 졸업했어요, bu, it’s 조럽, 조러패써요 (joreopaesseoyo).
So it becomes 조러패써요.
So there is a ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅈ, meets ㅎ (hieut), what happens is, this sounds become ㅋ (kieuk), this sounds become ㅌ (tieut), this sound, is just aspiration version of each sound, ㅍ (pieup), this sounds become ㅊ (chieut), so let's see, this is ㅂ, ㅂ here, and it meets ㅎ, ㅎ here, so what happens is, it becomes ㅍ, as in, it's 조러패써요, so this is how korean people pronounce this one, 조러패써요, 조러패써요, 조러패써요, so it has many rules, like this comes here, lenition, and this 짜자자자잔 (jjajajajajan), this aspiration is here, another lenition here, so there are many rules, so 작년 설날에 종로에서 같이 좋은 학교를 졸업했어요 (Jangnyeon Seollare jongnoseo gachi joeun hakkyoreul joreopaesseoyo), we graduate from a good school together in 종로 on new year's day, last year, and it sounds very simple, it sounds very simple, it's just a sentence, but actually it includes lots of pronunciation rules, 받침 pronunciation rules, so you can practice Korean 받침 pronunciation rules with this sentence, it's like tongue twister, so develop your tongue twister, tongue muscle with this example.
That's it for this lesson, today I answered three questions about 받침.
Thanks for watching, I'm K-Jin and I'll see you on KoreanClass101.com 다음 시간에 봐요! (Daeum sigane bwayo!)

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