Hi Joshua,
Welcome to KC101. It's always nice to see another student of Korean. I hope you will make liberal use of the forums here.
I was looking at one of your sentences
나의 이름 은 조슈아/ Naeui ileum eun Josyua./ My name is Joshua
and thought I would give you a tip. Of course Madison 선생님 (teacher) taught you the correct way to say this "나의 이름은 조슈아입니다" but I saw something in your example sentence that a native speaker might miss, and that is your use of "은." By the way you spaced "은" off from "이름" it looks like you assumed that "은" meant "is"; however, it does not. Put the simplest way, in this case "은" is a subject marker (particle) that is directly attached to '이름" so that "name" gets marked as the subject of this sentence. The use of "particles" in Korean can be very confusing to new students of the language, so I suggest you just learn them little by little as you learn the expressions you want to use.
Breaking it down:
나(Na= "I" e.g. self)의(eui= makes noun/pronoun possessive) 이름(ireum= name)은(eun= marks
myname as subject) 조슈아(I think you know your name)입니다(immnida= is/it is), so if we attempt a totally literal translation it comes out sounding like Yoda on Star Wars "My name Joshua it is." Although we could also literally translate it "My name-is Joshua it is" this would give the misconception that "은" can be accurately translated as "is."
Finally, Joshua, I applaud your effort. I can see that you are really trying hard. And while I am not a big fan of grammar, I do see the need for some basic understanding of it when studying a foreign language. Try to keep in mind that the structure of Korean is S-O-V (Subject-Object-Verb), this is the way Koreans think, so if you want to be proficient in the language you have got to think the same way, you can't simply take an English thought that is based on SVO and translate it directly across.
Simple examples:
S-O-V (Korean) 나는 당신을 사랑해요 (naneun dangshineul sarangheyo) - Lit: I you love do
S-V-O (English) I love you -Lit: 나는 사랑해 당신을 <- understandable but wrong in Korean
breaking it down further:
나(I)는(subject marker) 당신(you)을(object marker) 사랑(love
verb stem)해요(doing -verb)
See, now you have learned the basic structure of Korean and you have learned subject and object markers.
You're off to a great start! Keep up the good work!
George - fellow student