You wrote, "I thought that particles are very important"
You are CORRECT!
Each language has its own unique and rule. One of unique in Korean is "Particles"!
Particles are very important because Particles define "Subject" and "Object". Without knowing particles, it's impossible (very hard) to distinguish the sentence structure (especially for beginners).
What's more, the rule of "particles" will also explain so many other grammar rules in Korean.
Once you understand the rule of 'particles', learning Korean becomes SO MUCH EASY. I can't emphasize enough on it.
Okay, my advice for you is... keep listening and finish Newbie Series S2.
And then, give a listen to Absolute Beginner Season 2 (I made the series myself). I am sure you will learn Korean a lot from the lessons.
cheers,
Tim